3.2.7 Liquid Paraffin It is a transparent, colorless, viscous, oily liquid. It is tasteless and odorless when cold and have a faint odor of petroleum when heated. It is practically insoluble in 95% ethyl alcohol, glycerin and water. It is soluble in benzene, acetone, carbon disulfide, chloroform, ether and petroleum ether. It is miscible with volatile oils and fixed oils except castor oil (74). A) Nonproprietary Names • BP: Liquid Paraffin • JP: Liquid Paraffin • PhEur: Paraffin, Liquid • USP: Mineral Oil B) Synonyms Avatech, Drakeol, heavy mineral oil and heavy liquid petrolatum C) Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number Mineral oil 8012-95-1 D) Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight Mineral oil is a mixture of liquid saturated aliphatic (C14–C18) and cyclic hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. E) Functional Categories Lubricant, emollient, solvent and oleaginous vehicle. F) Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology …show more content…
Chronic oral consumption of mineral oil may impair the appetite and interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Prolonged oral use should be avoided. Mineral oil is absorbed to some extent when emulsified and can lead to granulomatous reactions. Similar reactions also occur upon injection of the oil (77).Injection may also cause vasospasm. The most serious adverse reaction to mineral oil is lipoid pneumonia caused by aspiration of the oil (78). H) Incompatibilities Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents I) Stability and Storage Conditions Mineral oil undergoes oxidation when exposed to heat and light so stabilizers like butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene and alpha tocopherol may be added to retard oxidation. Mineral oil may be sterilized by dry heat and should be stored in an airtight container, protected from light in a cool and dry place. 3.2.8 Glyceryl
hydrocarbons that forms during the extraction of natural gas and is used as a thinning
The primary goal of this laboratory project was to identify an unknown compound and determine its chemical and physical properties. First the appearance, odor, solubility, and conductivity of the compound were observed and measured so that they could be compared to those of known compounds. Then the cation present in the compound was identified using the flame test. The identity of the anion present in the compound was deduced through a series of chemical tests (Cooper, 2009).
Biological waxes are esters of long-chain (C14 to C36) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with long-chain (C16 to C30) alcohols. Their melting points (60 to 100 _C) are generally higher than those of triacylglycerols.In plankton, the free-floating microorganism sat the bottom of the food chain for marine animals, and waxes are the chief storage form of metabolic fuel. Waxes also serve a diversity of other functions related to their water-repellent properties and their firm consistency. Certain skin glands of vertebrates secrete waxes to protect hair and skin and keep it pliable, lubricated, and waterproof. Birds, particularly waterfowl, secrete waxes from their preen glands to keep their feathers water-repellent. The shiny leaves of holly, rhododendrons, poison ivy, and many tropical plants are coated with a thick layer of waxes, which prevents excessive evaporation of water and protects against parasites. Biological waxes find a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other industries. Lanolin (from lamb’s wool), beeswax carnauba wax (from a Brazilian palm tree), and wax extracted from spermaceti oil (from whales ;)
The truth is that oils can go from good to bad very quickly and you need to buy them from a trusted source. For instance, flax seed oil can easily become rancid and all oils can easily become unstable outside of their whole foods. That can cause them to lose their beneficial properties. Moreover, rancid oils can produce chemicals that can cause harm to the body over time and actually promote diseases like atherosclerosis and cancer. It is important to ensure you are buying fresh and organic oils.
They are also used in a variety of common products and processes. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a strong detergent used for removing oils and grease and is found in many household cleaning products, face and body washes and shampoos.
Native Americans used the creosote bush for a variety of things. The extracts have been used a antiseptics and treatments for arthritis and rattlesnake bites.
Before you go on to try any other type of oil (or really any other type of food), cleanse your palate with water and slices of green apple
useful in the relief of mild to moderate pain. It is also used as a cough remedy
It is used for the treatment of arthritis and also for treating the back pain, shoulder pain and knee pain.
...h an upset stomach, menstrual cramps; I was also told that it would help my sleep at night. Another popular oil is tea tree, I have had personal experiences with this and by putting it on my acne I have seen a dramatic effect with my skin and a reduction of acne. Tea tree oil is also good for burns and ear infections. Peppermint oil is also popular for indigestion as well as mint teas. These each have specific parts of the body that they heal and take affect too.
This oil on canvas has a cottonwood panel as the surface. The dark colors of the
The herb is used as a treatment for cystitis, insomnia, gonorrhea, rheumatism, syphilis, cough and cold, indigestion, constipation and earache. The plant is traditionally used to get rid of intestinal worms because of the essential oil which contains toxic ascaridole that has vermicidal properties. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
This is an example of a soap molecule. The hydrocarbon end is non polar and hydrophilic (water hating) and the carboxylate end is polar and hydrophilic (water loving). This the property which allows it to clean, it acts as an emulsifying agent. The soap disperses in water to form miscelles where a negatively charged surface is formed and hydrocarbon chains are in the centre. These miscelles surround droplets of dirt or grease suspending them in the water so they can be washed away.
Peppermint is said to believe to have many benefits regarding health of the human body. Although many people relate peppermint to the extract we put in foods to give it flavor around the holidays, peppermint oil is used in aroma therapy. Some of its usage is for helping irritable bowel syndrome, indigestion, relieves headaches, and improves mental focus. Due to the many health advantages of peppermint oil, it has become a common essential oil used in modern day aroma therapy.
The oil refinery converts crude oil into valuable products and supplies. These products are made and sent to many countries abroad, in which are transported on land or along rivers and canals. Crude oil is then arranged and categorized into segments by fractional distillation. Raw crude oil, or unprocessed crude oil, is not normally beneficial in most industrial applications. Low sulfur crude oil has been valuable as a burner fuel to construct steam for the force of seagoing vessels. The lighter elements have the ability to construct explosive and dangerous vapors in the gas tanks. There are extremely hazardous, and are often used in war ships. The remaining hydrocarbon molecules are filtered from crude oil and used towards lubricants, feedstock, plastics, and fuels.