In the article “Do Negative Cognitive Styles Confer Vulnerability to Depression?” by Lauren B. Alloy, Lyn Y. Abramson, and Erika L. Francis, they explain how negative cognitive styles confer vulnerability to depression when people confront negative life experiences. Depression is a serious psychological health disorder, with significant penalties in terms of human distress, lost productivity, and even fatalities. Up to date estimates suggest that 16% of the population will experience an event of depression at some time in their lives. Furthermore, people who experience a major depressive event are at increased risk for future episodes, with each episode significantly increasing risk for following episodes. Given this public health significance, significant research interest has been devoted to understanding essential causes of depression. In a biological outlook on depression, abnormal genetic or biochemical processes incline some individuals to depression. Conversely, in a cognitive perspective, the way people understand events in their lives has a very important effect on their weakness to depression. One example of a cognitive perspective is the hopelessness theory in which people believe that negative events in their lives are stable and global in that it will last “forever” and will affect everything he or she does causing a maladaptive cognitive (Alloy, Abramson, Francis, 1999). This article proposes that negatively biased negative self description provides the foundation for a cognitive vulnerability to depression. That is, a person whose mind set is negatively biased when processing information about one’s self may be particularly vulnerable to depression. For instance, when confronted with an unfamiliar situation, a vuln... ... middle of paper ... ... a full marathon, just getting a person’s heart rate up can do wonderful things for their attitudes in life. Walking works wonders. High risk students showed greater support, quicker processing, and enhanced recall of negative depression-relevant adjectives involving incompetence, worthlessness, and low motivation (Alloy, Abramson, Francis, 1999). For these issues, the counseling center should have a support group for students. Often when a person is depressed, it feels more comfortable to retreat into one’s shell, but being around other people will make a person feel less depressed. To prevent depression, being with peers dealing with the same situations in college can go a very long way in reducing a sense of isolation and worthlessness. Support groups can also give confidence to one another, give and receive guidance on how to cope, and share college experiences.
...e says that people who are depressed have a negative view of themselves, their experiences, and their future. People have negative self-schemas from negative experiences in early childhood.
...fs in the earlier theory of ‘learned helplessness’. The reformulated model states: ‘…investigators of human helplessness have become increasingly disenchanted with the adequacy of theoretical constructs…so have we. …We do not know whether these considerations apply to infra-humans’ Seligman’s group admit that their decade in of research in the animal model failed to address the fundamental aspect of human depression. Their second model was primarily based on the “attribution theory” which expounds the human connection between ‘causality’ and ‘events’. The reformulated theory concludes that humans suffering melancholy make internal attributions for lamentable events and are pessimistic towards the future. This model now being a ‘hypothetical construct’ can only be used as an introduction into human depression treatment with deeper research needing to be validated.
“The causes of depressive experiences can be triggered by minor life events or more major ones (Klewicki).
Monitoring of Joe’s daily status is important to establish his status quo throughout the week when he is not in his therapist’s office. Keeping a journal of his thoughts and feelings, noting them as they change, will help his therapist to assess his mood variations, thoughts and feelings during the day to day stresses of life, including any physical complaints from which he suffered (Disner, S. G., Beevers, C. G., Haigh, E. P., & Beck, A. T., 2011). This will assist the therapist in monitoring Joe’s status when he or she is not with him, as well as any thinking bias, psychosomatic complaints, erratic mood fluctuations, and monitor any medication therapy for any signs of non-compliance, abuse, or side effects, as well as note any positive results from his treatment plan. Short-term goals should be set with Joe, as well as a couple of long-term goals to work toward during his treatment. This will keep Joe focused on the goals at hand, which will result in positive results when he meets said goals. This is part of the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), as it will show him that he is not a failure, he can take the initiative to meet his goals, and the world is not against him. According to Auerbach et al. (2013), “Depressed individuals are more sensitive to negative stimuli (e.g. job loss) and less responsive to positive stimuli”, complicating the treatment of a depressed individual; moreover, Joe does not appear to have any positive incentives at first glance but the
I believe it is important to research different components of student life for several reasons. College is perhaps the most dramatic change of lifestyle one may experience in his or her lifetime. It is also one of the most unique experiences. Mental health has become a critical issue among college students. For this reason, I believe it is important to investigate different ways to improve the mental wellbeing of
Depression is classified as a mood disorder by the DSM-IV (1994) and is defined as a mental illness characterized by sadness, general apathy, a loss of self-esteem, feelings of guilt, and, at times, suicidal tendencies (Lexicon, n.d). Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses that individuals receive treatment for today. In any six-month period, 9.4 million Americans, and 340 million people in the world, suffer from this disease. One in four women and one in 10 men will develop depression during their lifetime (An Overview of Depression, n.d). Although the DSM-IV has defined depression, its etiology, contributing factors, and interventions differ among the schools of thought in psychology. One such example is the different stances taken by those following the family systems theoretical perspective and those siding with cognitive-behavioral theory.
In the article “Introduction to the Special Issue on College Student Mental Health”, an informational overview of the organization Multi-Site University Study of Identity and Culture (MUSIC) collected data from thirty universities to study the psychosocial, relational, cultural, and health related constructs among college students. The article provides the student perspectives and concerns about the mental health of their peers and the services that campuses provide. In 2010, when the American College Health Association administered the National College Health Assessment surveyed to over thirty thousand students across thirty-nine campuses the surveys showed an exponential increase in psychological problems (2013). This survey collaborated with the studies of college students suggests that college students, prominently female and minority, are in fact experiencing depression and mental health issue that may not be diagnosed or attended to. T...
This essay aims to compare and contrast both the biological and cognitive explanations of depression with the intent of examining both the causes and potential treatments. The biological perspective is associated with both genetics and neurochemical factors and how these can contribute to depression. The main treatment used for this perspective is largely Drug Therapy. Alternatively, the cognitive approach looks at thoughts, feelings and behaviours and examines the relationship between them as a contributing factor towards depression, with the main treatment to this approach being Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
Depression can cause incoming college freshman many problems in their new lifestyle. The transition from high school to college is a very big change in their life’s. Some students have to take the journey to a whole other town, city, or even to another state. The distance from home, family, and friends, can cause students to be in a depressed state. The new atmosphere of college is very exciting to students; but at times very scary. For some students, adapting to classes and all of their homework can get overwhelming thus that can cause depression. It is clear to see that college freshman are thrown many obstacles, but depression is a hard one to avoid.
Since the first college counseling center opened in 1910, college counseling centers have been one of the primary providers of mental health services to college aged students (Brunner, Wallace, Reymann, Sellers, McCabe, 2014). Indeed, 10-15% of college students are accessing mental health services on campus (Kraft, 2011). These centers often focus on short-term treatment modalities (Kraft, 2011) that have been shown to be effective as they treat everything from depression to personality disorders (Brunner, Wallace, Reymann, Sellers, McCabe, 2014).
According to Lindsay Taylor, Depression is a chronic disorder, which if not immediately treated it will subject the sufferer and his or her immediate social network to a very poor quality of life (Taylor 2014). This is the case because it is a multifaceted condition that affects the sufferer emotionally, socially, psychically and mentally. Roughly 20 million people in the United States suffer from depression every year, and 1 in 4 young adults will suffer an episode of depression before age 24. Operating in a stressful work environment is known as one of the most common depression triggers. If someone works in a tough environment, they will feel more depressed than someone who works in an easy going environment. Depression is very common among
It’s a well known fact that optimism affects life quality in positive ways. As it is commonly understood, the term ‘optimism’ leads life to a smaller amount of depression and it points towards satisfaction. Positive and negative thoughts are expected to come. These are vital for understanding the weakness to mental distraught, to be more specific; the state of mind in which negativity is a common theme. Lately, examinations have discovered an unusual relationship amongst hopefulness and depressive side effects [7, 8], and furthermore amongst good thinking and self-destructive ideation [9]. Therefore, hope and optimism appears to have an essential directing part in the relationship between sentiments of loss and self-destruction [10]. In connection
Everyone thinks negatively, it is human nature, but if one thinks negative all the time, maybe they should consider changing their perspective to help guide them into a positive life-style. Negative thinking patterns can lead to many different thoughts, “what if” thoughts, continuously ruminating the scene in their head, making it worse and more difficult to move on, assumptions start to build, the individual begins to think, “this should have happened like this” or “it must be like this”, overreacting, etc. Someone with a negative mindset might say it is impossible to change the way they view things, or “this is how I am”, but overcoming the stubbornness is the first step. “Developing an optimistic outlook
In the modern life, depression is the seriously psychological disease. WHO (2017) defined depression as a common mental disorder with more than 300 million people who are suffering the pain caused by the disease. Depression is completely different from badly mood and anxiety because when it lasts in a long time with moderate or severe intensity, it will become the serious health problem. This mental problem negatively effects on feelings, thinkings and actions at work, school and in the family (Parek, 2017). Especially, leading suicide is another dangerous sign of this mental disease. Rahhal (2017) has asserted that the most surprisingly growth in rates of depressions among the young and old people, but increased most fast
The way a person views the world has a huge impact on his or her life. The power of one’s thinking is so strong that the course of his or her life may depend on it. Optimistic thoughts are more likely to attract positive and good things into one’s life. On the other hand, a negative outlook is more likely to bring about negative situations, experiences and outcomes in a person’s life. Negative thinking brings a person down and holds him or her back while positive thinking is uplifting. Although positive thoughts prove to be beneficial, establishing a consistent positive thought pattern can be difficult for some people. Also, there are forces outside of one’s self that cannot be controlled merely by one’s positive thinking. I believe that positive thoughts have the power to attract positive things into a person’s life.