Visual impairment and blindness caused by various diseases has been hugely reduced, but there are many people who are at risk of age-related visual impairment. Visual information is most important for any navigational tasks, so visually impaired people are at disadvantage because necessary information about the surrounding environment is not available. With the wide development in inclusive technology it is possible to extend the support given to people with visual impairment during their mobility. In this context we propose a system, named Smart Vision, whose objective is to give blind users the ability to move around in unfamiliar environment, whether indoor or outdoor, through a user friendly interface. This paper is concerned mainly in …show more content…
Our paper focuses on obstacle detection, and finding location in order to enhance navigation facilities for visually impaired people. Moving through an unknown environment becomes a real challenge when we can’t rely on our own eyes. Since dynamic obstacles usually produce noise while moving, blind people develop their sense of hearing to detect them. this can also be applied to different situation. When the visually-impaired move into a new environment, they will find it difficult to memorize the locations of the object or obstacles. As usage of various sensors for obstacle detection are being done but if we use the camera and image processing technique for obstacle detection it is more reliable and gives much more depth knowledge of the obstacle. Also usage of this technology makes the hardware part less bulky as compared to the hardware by using the sensors. Mainly ultrasonic sensors are used for obstacle detection which is best choice when we use sensors for obstacle detection. Image processing gives the in-depth knowledge. We can get to know the distance of obstacle and also the shape of the obstacle by using either region based or shape based processing. Using the image processing in support with LPC 2148 as the processor makes this system on par with other obstacle detection system as it enhances the processing speed. Also, using various modules makes the system much more user …show more content…
take a case as one variable is already known (for example, a ship or plane may have known elevation),then the receiver can determine its position using only three satellites.sometimes Some of the GPS receivers may use additional clues or assumptions (such as reusing the last known altitude, inertial navigation, or including information from the vehicle computer) to give a degraded position when fewer than four satellites are visible.
RFID
RFID is a method of remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags. An RFID tag is a small object, such as an adhesive sticker, that can be attached to or incorporated into a product. RFID tags contain antennae to enable them to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from an RFID transceiver.
It offers very high security. Each tag is identified by a Unique Identification Number (UIN), which can be either factory or manually programmed and then password protected. The excellence of this tag is that the data on the chip that uses sophisticated algorithm techniques cannot be duplicated or manipulated. Hence making it the perfect tool for Secure Access
In 1995, a Boston police officer responded to a 911 call regarding a shooting. Spotting a potential suspect he gave chase. During the pursuit the officer ran by an assault in progress without stopping to assist the victim. Later, he would claim that he never saw the assault because he was focused on chasing his suspect (Chabris, Weinberger, Fontaine & Simmons, 2011). This is an example of inattentional blindness or the failure to perceive objects or events when attention is focused elsewhere (Mack & Rock, 1998). Parents distracted by children, teenagers talking on cellphones and even professionals trained to be observant of their environment can fall prey to this phenomenon. Though people are not susceptible to inattentional blindness to the same degree, it is feasible that some may be less susceptible due to difficulties staying focused on a task at hand. This paper will examine the possibility that elderly people are less susceptible to inattentional blindness due to a decrease in attention skills.
prove to be blind when it comes to the world they are in. By looking
Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man was a crucial literary tool in raising awareness of and forwarding the equal rights movement for African Americans when it reached readers of all races in the 1950's. The Cultural Contexts for Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man claims that the novel envisions nothing less than undoing African Americans' cultural dispossession. Ellison's words are indeed an eloquent unraveling of social stereotypes and racisms. He employs allegorical conceptions of blindness and invisibility to dissect culturally ingrained prejudices and ignorance towards African Americans. Ellison also uses IM's settings and characters to reflect America and its stereotypes in order to achieve this goal.
Processing capacity is a very broad and flexible category according to many researchers. In fact, the quote above mentioned suggests that we often fail to notice things that happen just in front of us (unexpected events that are often salient) either because we were completely absorbed by something else or because we had so many things to do at the same time that we couldn’t pay attention to it. We have all at least once failed to see a friend who was waving at us while eating in the cafeteria or walking in a crowded street. The primary question that we should ask ourselves is: how many things can we attend at the same time? The truth is that we didn’t perceive this friend because of a phenomenon called “inattentional blindness”. The problem is that the richness of our visual experience leads us to believe that our visual representation will include and preserve the same amount of detail (Levin et al 2000). In this paper we’ll see the different theories of inattentional blindness, and the classical theories demonstrating this paradigm.
An Orthopedic Impairment is the most common of physical disabilities. A physical disability is any condition that interferes with how a child uses their body. An Orthopedic Impairment is defined as, “A bodily impairment that is severe enough to negatively affect a child’s educational performance” (education). Orthopedic Impairments are often separated into three main categories. These categories are neuromotor impairments, musculoskeletal disorders, and degenerative diseases. Although neuromotor impairments typically involves the brain and spinal cord, they can also affect a child’s ability to move, use, feel, or control certain parts of their body. Musculoskeletal disorders include diseases of the bones and muscles, such as limb deficiency or club-foot. Degenerative diseases affect a child’s motor skills such as muscular dystrophy. This is a group of genetic diseases in which muscle fibers are very vulnerable to damage. Some causes of orthopedic impairments can be genetics, injury, birth defects, disease, burns, fractures, cerebral palsy, and many other circumstances. Some examples of orthopedic impairments that may be caused by a birth defect are clubfoot, spina bifida, and absence of or malformation of one for more limbs. Some examples that may be caused by a disease consist of muscular dystrophy, arthritis, and childhood obesity. Other causes of orthopedic impairment may contain fractures, which cause stiff and/or immobile joints called contractures.
Braille Institute: Empowering visually impaired people to live fulfilling lives. Braille Institute. 2010. Web. 22 Nov. 2010
Hearing loss and/or hearing impairment occurs when there is an issue with one or more parts of the ear. Someone who has hearing loss may be able to hear some sounds or nothing at all. About 3 in 1,000 babies are born with hearing impairment, making it the most common birth defect (Morlet 2012). There are ways to determine if your child has a hearing impairment at birth, not to prevent your child from having a hearing impairment, but to determine if there is a possibility that your child may have the most common birth defect. Newborn hearing screening focuses on identifying hearing loss early (Listen 2013). In other words, if a newborn were to get a hearing screening shortly after birth, then there would be less percussions than if the parents waited to get a hearing test later on.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to defend a broad concept of visual perception, according to which it is a sufficient condition for visual perception that subjects receive visual information in a way which enables them to give reliably correct answers about the objects presented to them. According to this view, blindsight, non-epistemic seeing, and conscious visual experience count as proper types of visual perception. This leads to two consequences concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities of visual experiences. First, phenomenal qualities are not necessary in order to see something, because in the case of blindsight, subjects can see objects without experiences phenomenal qualities. Second, they cannot be intentional properties, since they are not essential properties of visual experiences, and because the content of visual experiences cannot be constituted by contingent properties.
Handheld displays are computing devices with a display that the user can hold in their hands. Video-see-through techniques overlay graphics onto the real environment and employ sensors, such as GPS units, Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and accelerometers for their six degrees of freedom tracking. Currently smart-phones and Tablet PCs are the most popular types of handheld device. Smart-phones and tablets are very portable and have many capabilities. They are becoming increasingly more powerful with advances in their hardware and software capabilities. This makes them a very
Joyce Bohen recently wrote a book about her experience with multiple sclerosis. She told about her battle with multiple sclerosis and one of her major symptoms, optic neuritis. In this book, she told each individual to imagine life from one day being able to see bright colors and distinct pictures to only realize that as each day goes by the world is beginning to look darker and darker until you can see nothing but black. Not only did she experience blindness but also came the intense pain. After seeing a neurologist many times and continuously being treated with steroids to help her vision return, she finally gave up her battle and began to accept the idea that she would never be able to see again. The goal of her book was to help those with low vision accept the idea that life will never be the same and that there are strategic ways to get around this disability. One of the coping mechanisms she suggested was to outline doorways, steps, and wall switches with high contrast or textured tape. This story of one woman's dedication and perseverance to get through her disability should give researchers all the persuasion needed to continue on discovering permanent treatments or even preventive methods for optic neuritis (Cohen, Dinerstein, & Katz, 2001).
Often within classroom environments, as well as at home, children learn through visual and auditory perception. Visual and auditory processing are key ways to learn; they are used for recognizing and interpreting information taken from the two senses of sound as well as sight. So clearly it is understood that having this disorder can make it a bit more difficult and troublesome to learn through vision and hearing, but definitely not impossible.
Each one of us lives in our own unique world of perception. As individuals, we may experience life in an entirely different way through our senses and life experiences. Therefore, perception can be tricky since it is very personal to each one of us. According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, perception has three meanings; (1) “the way you think about or understand someone or something,” (2) “the ability to understand or notice something easily,” and, (3) “the way that you notice or understand something using one of your senses” (2014, para. 1). C.S. Lewis said, “What you see and what you hear depends a great deal on where you are standing. It also depends on what sort of person you are” (n.d., para. 11). In other words,
There are several principles that form the foundation of universal design, which is defined as “an alternate path to accessible products or services, […] that have features that enable a person with a disability to use the product or service, whether by itself or in conjunction with assistive technology” (Tobias, 2003).Thus the main purpose of universal design is to make products usable to the greatest number of people, without the use of specially designed equipment (Connell, Jones, Mace, et al, 1997). The seven design elements serve as guidelines for reaching this goal.
Bowser and Reed [1995] as cited by Bryant et al [1998] argue that as a child progresses through the Education System, their requirements change and this may necessitate a need for different devices. This is not limited to those children with a physical disability but is relevant to all children with SEN as they progress and the Education System places additional burdens upon them. For children with a visual impairment ICT can provide support in various ways; tools to support communication, to improve access to information and as a means of producing learning materials in alternative. There is a wide range of devices and software, which can
Blindness can be so much more than the state of being unable to see (Dictionary.com). Both the 2008 movie Blindness, directed by Fernando Meirelles and based on a novel by José Saramago, and the short story The Country of the Blind written by H. G. Wells in 1904, put blindness at the center of the plot. What can blindness mean in our society? And what can blindness mean regarding my future profession in design? In the movie Blindness, to be blind leads to losing all that’s civilized; in H. G. Wells’ The Country of the Blind, blindness can be interpreted as a symbol for ignorance; finally, in graphic design, blindness could be to only focus on the aesthetic part of designing and forgetting the practical aspect of the design.