URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIs)
Description
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as an infection of any part of the urinary tract. UTIs are common bacterial infections managed in general practice, particularly in sexually active women except in first year of life and in elderly. UTIs represent the most frequent bacterial infections encountered in the community settings. One per cent boys and 3-5% girls below 14 years develop UTI. Risk of UTI is also higher in children with congenital urinary tract anomalies, chronic diarrhoea and malnutrition.
Urine does not normally contain microorganisms, but if it is obstructed leaving the body or retained in the bladder, it provides a good environment for bacteria to grow. UTIs are characterized
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• A urinary tract infection may involve only the lower urinary tract, in which case it is known as a bladder infection or cystitis. It can be present with pain and burning during micturition, increased frequency of micturition, urgency, dysuria, pyuria or sometimes even haematuria. Fever is usually absent in lower UTI. Acute cystitis may present with suprapubic pain or discomfort.
• Alternatively, it may involve the upper urinary tract, in which case it is known as pyelonephritis. The symptoms usually develop rapidly, sometimes within a few hours. In addition to symptoms of lower UTI, these patients may have high fever, chills, rigours and pain in the loins, nausea and vomiting.
• If the urine contains significant bacteria but there are no symptoms, the condition is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria. It is detected accidentally when the urine is tested. Asymptomatic infections are more common in pregnant women and the elderly. Untreated, asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy can progress to upper UTI which can further lead to premature delivery and poor foetal
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The symptoms usually develop rapidly, sometimes within a few hours. In addition to symptoms of lower UTI, these patients may have high fever, chills, rigours and pain in the loins, nausea and vomiting. Sometimes UTIs may be asymptomatic, and are detected accidentally when the urine is tested. Asymptomatic infections are more common in pregnant women and the elderly. Untreated, asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy can progress to upper UTI which can further lead to premature delivery and poor foetal outcome.
Precaution/Prevention
• Drink plenty of water every day, especially before 2-3 hours of breakfast, to flush out the urinary system.
• Holding of urine is not advised for extended periods of time.
• Proper hygienic conditions should be maintained especially in cleansing the genital areas.
• Avoid use of irritants in the genital region. Bubble bath should be avoided in case of recurrent UTIs, take showers instead of baths, and rinse soap off thoroughly.
• Urinating after sexual intercourse may help in rinsing out any bacteria that may have come in contact with the
The most common infection involving Proteus mirabilis occurs when the bacteria moves to the urethra and urinary bladder. Although Proteus mirabilis mostly known to cause urinary tract infections, the majority of urinary tract infections are due to E. coli. One-hundred thousand cfus per milliliter in the urine are usually indicative of a urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infections caused by P. mirabilis occur usually in patients under long-term catherization. The bacteria have been found to move and create encrustations on the urinary catheters. The encrustations cause the catheter to block.
The topic that I chose is interventions used to reduce catheter associated urinary tract infections(CAUTI). This type of infection is acquired from the use of urinary catheter while in the hospital. According to the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, urinary tract infections are responsible for 40 percent of all hospital-acquired infections annually, with 80% of these hospital acquired infection caused by use of indwelling urinary catheters. When any type of tubes or catheters are introduced in the body it serves as a medium for infection. Urinary catheters are used during surgery to prevent injury to the bladder. It is also used for urinary retention or bladder obstruction. The implementation of evidenced based practice when providing care
Urinary Tract Infection, also known as UTI, occurs in two common locations, the bladder and kidneys. The kidneys are important organs that aid in filtering out waste products from blood and maintaining water distribution throughout the body. The waste products are filtered out via bladder, which is the reason of the bladder being the second site for the infection. A normal human being has two kidneys, one on left and right side, a bean shaped organ, and is located at the back of the abdomen. “Each kidney is about 11.5 cm long, 5-7.5 cm broad, 5 cm thick, and weight about 150 grams” (HealthInfoNet, Paragraph 2). Furthermore, a bacterium named Escherichia coli lives in both the kidneys and the GI tract. E. coli is part of the human body and produces
There are several symptoms that may indicate that you have a kidney stone such as bloody urine, pain while urinating, a fever with chills, urine that smells or is cloudy, or sharp pain in lower abdomen or back. These symptoms may continue for an extended or short period of time and may cause nausea or vomiting when the pain is present. Kidney stones may pass by themselves and cause no pain or maybe just a little, or being a larger stone, can get stuck somewhere along the urinary tract, causing a lot of pain. When a kidney stone gets stuck, it blocks urine from flowing and can cause very intense pain or bleeding. High levels of oxalate, phosphorus and calcium in the urine can lead to forming kidney stones along with certain types of food, family history of stones, digestive complications, a blockage in your urinary tract, or lack of fluids in the body.
symptoms are not always present, you may be infected with gonorrhea and not know it. If present, symptoms may appear within 2 to 14 days. Fifty percent of people with gonorrhea show no symptoms. Men are more likely than women to show signs of infection. Gonorrhea in men can cause painful urination, creamy or green pus-like penile discharge, and testicular pain.
What is a UTI? It is an infection caused by your urinary system, including your bladder, kidneys, or urethra. UTIs are most common in females rather than males, and if not treated will cause serious consequences. A urinary tract infection can be caused for many reasons and does not always show symptoms. Cephalexin is an oral antibiotic that treats different bacterial infections found in the body.
4). Classic bacterial epididymitis generally has a slow onset and is characterized by scrotal pain and swelling that worsens over days rather than hours. Usually, there is no nausea or vomiting. Bacteria are believed to reach the epididymis in retrograde fashion via the ejaculatory ducts and can be associated with a urinary tract infection or urethritis. A positive result from urinalysis and culture, or urethral swab in sexually active adolescents, suggests the diagnosis.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. Urinary tract infections can have different names, depending on what part of the urinary tract is infected. The infection can include the bladder, kidneys, ureters, or the urethra. If the infection is in the bladder it is called “cystitis” or a bladder infection. If the infection is in the kidneys is it called “pyelonephritis” or a kidney infection? If the infection is in the urethra it is called “urethritis”. Most urinary tract infections are bladder infections. Infections in the ureters are very rare. Everyone is at risk of getting a UTI allowing bacteria to grow in the urine that stays
To start off, Non-gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) refers to an infection from the tube that runs from your bladder through the penis in men or the labia in women which passes the urethra. Normally, it is caused by gonorrhea but mostly chlamydia that is a sexually transmitted disease. There are multiple different ways how Non-gonococcal Urethritis is caused. An infection with chlamydia is half the case of NGU. Chlamydia is a bacterium type of germ that may be contacted threw sexual intercourse with an infected person. Perhaps, it can be passed down in to and out of vaginal, anal, or oral sex. There are other bacterial viruses that can be the cause of this disease. No cause can be found in 3 to maybe 10 cases. Sexually transmitted infections cannot be recognized by tests if it is not shown. Also, it is not attainable to know which cases are caused by an infection and the ones that are not.
Being such, this disease can show small signs such as tingling in the fingertips, arms, and legs, temporary vision loss or red/ green discoloration, double vision, dizziness, and clumsiness. Sometimes the disease can skip the small beginner signs and show larger symptoms that are harder to dismiss such as, onset depression, inability to multitask, incapability to regulate bladder, fatigue mentally or physically, muscle spasms, and the inability to control one’s bladder. Signs and symptoms can occur over the course of one to ten days, and then disappear; this is known as an attack or
Having a discharge that has a bad smell or if you begin to run an unexplained fever.
Nursing diagnosis Hospital acquired infections are spread by numerous routes including contact, intravenous routes, air, water, oral routes, and through surgery. The most common types of infections in hospitals include urinary tract infections (32%), surgical site infections (22%), pneumonia (15%), and bloodstream infections (14%). a. (book). The most common microorganisms associated with the types of infections are Esherichila coli, Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus auerus, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Urinary tract infections occur when one or more microorganisms enter the urinary system and affect the bladder and/or the kidneys.
can block the urinary tract. This blockage will probably cause a lot of pain. If
A urinary tract infection is a very common infection that can happen to anybody. A urinary tract infection usually occurs when bacteria enters the urethra and multiples in the urinary system. The Urinary tract includes the kidneys, the thin tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters), and the main tube that carries the urine from the bladder (urethra). Women, men, and children are all immune to this infection. Women have the highest chances of getting it. In the Urinary tract, the main links of the ureters help get rid of any bacteria that tries to enter the urine, and the bladder helps prevent urine from backing up into the kidneys.
Cystitis cause by bacterial infection is generally treated with antibiotics. Treatment for noninfectious cystitis depends on the underlying cause.