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Mother baby bonding theory
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1) Infants sleeping alone:
Individuals who are against the idea of infants sleeping alone believe that parents who put their infants to sleep alone put their babies in danger. It is believed that infants who sleep alone protest against the idea of being alone in the dark and do not receive comfort and attention from parents. Secondly, another argument against infants sleeping alone is that at such young age children do not fully understand object permanence. Children who do not feel the comfort and physical touch from their parents can’t fully identify that the comfort and physical touch continues to exist even when it cannot be seen.
2) Japanese Parents:
The approach of infant sleep in the Japanese culture differs from the beliefs of the
Newborns need care, comfort and physical touch from their parents and co-sleeping can help so children begin to feel secure and comfortable in the environment. As the child turns one year old and is adapted to the environment and recognizes his/her parents the child can then transition to sleeping in their own room. This will allow the child to feel secure and independent.
If American parents who are expecting their first child asked me about infant co-sleeping I would suggest them to apply infant co-sleeping during the first months of the infant’s life. The reason for this response is because during the first months newborn infants need special care and comfort from the mother. As the infant continues to grow I would then suggest parent’s to create a separate room for their child to sleep alone and learn to adapt to a new environment that does not include the parents comfort and physical touch. This will allow the child to become independent and secure. I would also tell parents that allowing children to co-sleep does not allow the mother and father to have time alone together which can lead to creating a distant separation between
From birth to about six months old, an infant doesnÂ’t seem to mind staying with an unfamiliar person (Brazelton, 1992), although the infant is able to distinguish his mother from other people (Slater, et al, 1998). As the infant gets a little older, at about eight to ten months, he/she begins to cry when his caregiver is not his mother or father; and again between eighteen and twenty-four months, when the infant finds out he/she has some control over what happens (Schuster, 1980). Separation anxiety could, and often does, make parents feel guilty for leaving their child and might make them wonder if they are causing their child undue stress.
There are also cultural differences in the four attachment theories and this is possibly based on different countries where infants are either separated more or less from their caregivers than in the United States (Broderick, P., & Blewitt, P., 2015). However, it is good to know that maternal sensitivity and attachment security has been successfully replicated across cultures so it seems as though with infancy that there are not too many cultural differences when it comes to these relationships (Broderick, P., & Blewitt, P., 2015). What needs to be kept in mind about cultural differences is the differences in context across cultures and how different meanings and connects can be
When/if I have a baby, I will not have him/her sleep with my husband and I in the same bed. I probably would be the same as my mother and not get any sleep and become paranoid with the risk of my husband or I rolling over our baby. When he/she gets older and has nightmares and needs that security I will let him/her sleep with my husband and I. In addition, I feel like the child needs to be able to be independent and sleep on their own. In my sources, I have learned many things. I was very surprised with the study of how early co-sleepers show more independence and self-reliance than children who sleep in the crib by themselves. I also learned that there could be some advantages to co-sleeping, like it is easier for the mother to breastfeed since the child is right next to the parents. If you feel like co-sleeping is the best choice, then that is your choice. You, do
Sara believed that it was important for the infant to establish a sense of security by sleeping in the same room as the parents early on, so that in the future when the child becomes old enough to sleep in a different room, the child will feel secure and be calm even when she is alone by knowing that her parents are just in the other room. One way to understand the link between Sara’s sleeping arrangements and her goal of making the infant feel more secure is to consider Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development (Erikson, 1963) The first stage of Erikson’s (1963) theory is trust versus mistrust, during which babies come to trust that their caregivers and other people will meet their physical and emotional needs or start to mistrust that the parents and other people will not take care of them. Sara hoped that by sleeping near her infant so that she could let her child see her when the child goes to sleep or wakes up in the middle of the night, the infant could feel more safe, or “trust,” that the infant’s needs would be tended to whenever necessary. The “trust” would then impact the child’s future development and especially when the time comes for the child to move to a separate room. The child, having received reliable
When discussing the child’s sleep pattern with his father, it is reported that they start out the night with the child going his to bed with his father. He indicated that Stuart doesn’t mind the child sleeping with him. He indicated that his son doesn’t have much time with the child. The paternal grandfather stated that Stuart does encourage the child to sleep by himself.
Newborns do not contribute much to society at large. In fact, they do not do much in general. It is impossible to know the details of what goes on in an infant’s mind. One of the things we do know about newborns is that sleep is crucial and they spend an average of 16-18 hours each day sleeping (Ward, 2015). This paper will examine the experiences of one mother’s decisions in regard to sleeping arrangements and the values, both cultural and personal, that support these arrangements. It will also compare her decisions to the decisions of U.S. and Mayan mothers discussed in the research article “Cultural Variation in Infants’ Sleeping Arrangements: Questions of Independence.” The mother who was interviewed for this paper is 54 years old and
Schore & Schore (2007) writes an individual’s progress ascends from the relationship between the brain, mind and body of both infant and caregiver retained within a culture and environment that supports or threatens it. An individual’s personal path of emotional development, including the growth in one’s unconscious, is to be inhibited by the environment of one’s culture and family (Schore & Schore, 2007).
Beginning in the 80s, divorce rates began to skyrocket and parenting itself started to become hands off. On top of all this, there were a few people who gave advice on baby care. This being the hot topic of these decades (BBC). One of these people, Nancy Kohner wrote, "For the first two months or so, the safest way for babies to sleep is on their fronts, head to one side, or else curled up on one side. Then if they are sick there is no chance that they will choke." This was horrible advice from the child rearing "experts" at the time because they hadn't realized the baby would suffocate if placed face down (Gil, Ali, Jenny). For older children disciplining had transferred into the reasoning and praising of good behavior. The 1990s saw the continued rising of divorce rates and an increase in close parenting. This close parenting was known as “helicopter parenting". This form of parenting created antisocial behavior from children, yet children were increasingly independent
An infant’s initial contact with the world and their exploration of life is directly through the parent/ primary caregiver. As the child grows, learns, and develops, a certain attachment relationship forms between them and the principle adult present in this process. Moreover, this attachment holds huge implications concerning the child’s future relationships and social successes. Children trust that their parental figure will be there; as a result, children whom form proper attachments internalize an image of their world as stable, safe, and secure. These children will grow independent while at the same time maintaining a connection with their caregivers. (Day, 2006). However, when a child f...
...ill have lengthy bodily contact and clinginess, this is seen as signs of closeness and dependency (Rothbaum et al 2000). The Japanese infants find separation from their caregiver stressful, but this may be due to shock than insecure attachment. The Japanese also consider avoidant behaviour as rude in their culture so this will mean that the strange situation classification will not be a suitable measurement of attachment. This is compared to Germany where they believe that independence should be encouraged in early childhood (Grossman et al, 1985).
New parents often wonder when the best time is to train a baby to sleep through the night.
Before I started nursing school I was an Early Head Start Home Visitor to families prenatal to three years of age. With this experience I have been in many homes with various different parenting types. I strongly agree with Erikson’s Trust vs. Mistrust theory . Seeing this first hand with parents who would not hold their baby because they were afraid of “spoiling” or just propping the bottle so the baby would not be so “dependent” absolutely blew my mind. I could not imagine having a baby that you did not hold. I always wanted to voice my opinion but I could not be judgmental so I actually would print out curriculum to take the following week on Erikson’s theory. Many parents would shrug it off as others would actually read it and be very interested. There was a difference in the way the children acted as they became older. It was very apparent to me on which parents offered the loving and nurturing environment that Erikson believed every baby needed.
1.After reading Anna Tardos speech I feel that each element has a great impact on the infant's development. I never knew that noisy toys are not good for them and to stimulating. I also didn’t know that too many toys can be over stimulating. I wish I learned this when my child was an infant. I feel putting them in the small space could be great to keep them safe, but I only used this space for sleep and didn’t want to make it a play space. With my daughter I played with her on the floor and supervised to be their if she became unsafe. Otherwise I let her explore, I feel this worked great for her, instead of confining her.
The growth and development of a human is a methodical, predictable process that begins at conception and continues until death (Davey, Galway, & Thompson, 2013, p.375). Toddlerhood is defined between the ages of 12 and 36 months. Within in this period, the independence of the individual is increasing as they become aware of their abilities (Davey, Galway, & Thompson, 2013, p.376). This essay will describe the physical, cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of developing toddlers and discuss the health behaviours of sleep and nutrition in relation to this lifespan stage. The developmental theories of Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson will be discussed with regards to the cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of toddlerhood.
Pressman, Mark R., and William C. Orr. Understanding Sleep. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1997.