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Effects of hypertension essay
Effects of hypertension essay
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Hypertension is a disease that effects a third of all Americans (American Heart Association [AHA], 2013, p. 1). The American heart association expects the number of patients living with hypertension to continue to rise (AHA, 2013). Reversing this trend will be of vital importance to the health of our population. Several factors influence hypertension, including access to primary preventative care, the availability of medications, diet and exercise control, diet modifications, and self-care are required to mitigate the effects of persistent hypertension on the body. People at risk for developing hypertension are overwhelmingly African-Americans. Nearly 50% of African-Americans will be diagnosed with hypertension. The American Heart Association reports that in 2009, 18.5 people out of 100,000 died from hypertension. Of these deaths, the majority were African-American (AHA, 2013, p. 2). These statistics make hypertension treatment a priority for this population. Treatment for the client presenting to the APN diagnosed with hypertension, the first efforts should be focused on education. The patient should be informed of what current JNC 8 guidelines for the diagnosis of hypertension are. This will help the patient identify that he or she in fact has a problem and his blood pressure is abnormal. Further education should also include anticipated progression of the disease and complications from prolonged hypertension to help the patient understand the effects hypertension have on the body and risk of development of end-organ damage. Since hypertension is a silent disease, often void of symptoms, the patient must understand fully the implications of the disease and necessity to control the blood pressure. The next step for t... ... middle of paper ... ...Nursing. (2007). Role delineation study of nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists. Retrieved from https://www.ncsbn.org/06_LPN_RoleDelStudy_NCLEX_30_Web.pdf O’Brien, J. M. (2003). How nurse practitioners obtained provider status: Lessons for pharmacists. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/464663 Pender, N., Murdaugh, C., & Parsons, M. A. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Skillman, S., Kaplan, L., Fordyce, M., McMenamin, P., & Doescher, M. (2012). Understanding advanced practice registered nurse distribution in urban and rura areas of the United States using national provider identifier data. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/aprndistributionreport Sullivan, N. (2013). A Short History of Midwifery. Retrieved from http://midwifeinsight.com/articles/a-short-history-of-midwifery/
Nurse practitioners (NPs), one type of advanced practice nurses, are licensed by the states where they practice and certified by private boards. Nurse practitioners hold advanced degrees in clinical practice and function in a wide variety of settings and across the life span. They provide a broad array of healthcare services ranging from managing treatment plans, to prescribing medications, to implementing health promotion services. As of 2014, 205,000 NPs were licensed in the United States with 86% of those prepared to deliver care to patients in primary care settings (NP Facts, 2015). The progression of the Nurse Practitioner movement that occurred in the 1960 and 1970s emerged as a creative and
As early as the 1800s clinicians began to take a closer look at elevated blood pressure levels, they soon found high correlation between hypertension, stroke, and other heart diseases. They also established that high levels of blood pressure effected both privilege and underprivileged, and within the years they have noted the disease have become more prevalent in the African American culture. Long term studies, such as randomized controlled trial studies, unveiled
Role clarity and title confusion pose barriers to the amalgamation of advanced practice nursing roles. Colleagues and the public are unaware of the precise roles of the APN. Much of what the public knows about medicine is associated with a doctor, and the “doctor knows best” (Safriet, 2011). The public i...
Blood pressure is a measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body. Hypertension is another term used to describe high blood pressure. This common condition increases the risk for heart disease and stroke, two leading causes of death for Americans. High blood pressure contributed to more than 362,895 deaths in the United States during 2010. Approximately 67 million persons in the United States have high blood pressure, and only half of those have their condition under control. An estimated 46,000 deaths could be avoided annually if 70% of patients with high blood pressure were treated according to published guidelines (Patel, Datu, Roman, Barton, Ritchey, Wall, Loustalot; 2014).
Nursing is a knowledge-based profession within the health care sector that focuses on the overall care of individuals. According to The American College of Nurse Practitioners (ACNP), “defines nurse practitioners as registered nursed who have received graduate-leveling nursing education and clinical training, which enables them to provide a wide range of preventative and acute health care services to individuals of all ages. They deliver high-quality, cost effective care, often performing physical examinations, ordering tests, making diagnoses, and prescribing and managing medication and therapies”. Nurse Practitioners are able to specialize in a particular area, such as family and adult practice, pediatrics, and women’s health; and refer patients to other specialist when necessary. Some Nurse practitioners work under the supervision of a physician; while others run their own practices.
Advanced practice registered nurses play a significant part in extending access to health care by providing primary care and specialty care services to clients. Advanced practices registered are mentors, educators, researchers, and administrators. According to Health Resources and Services Administration, “Ninety-six percent of the NP workforce reported being in clinical practice, providing direct patient care” (Health Resources and Services Administration 2016). Furthermore, “Nearly three percentages were in faculty positions and approximately one percent was in administrative positions”(Health Resources and Services Administration 2016).
There are certain aspects and competencies common to role of the nurse practitioner (NP), nurse educator (NE), nurse informatics (NI), and nurse administrator (NA). All four roles act as leaders within the health care organizations depending on their designated areas of duty. Their input is needed to keep the health care institution running. To assume their roles, NP, NE, NI, and NA require some education and credential from nursing perspective or other related experiences.
Report on the nursing policy and legislative efforts. Retrieved from https://www.ncsbn.org/428.htm#Nurse_Practitioner_Certification. O’Brian, J. M., (2003). The 'Path of the Earth'. Journal of Science, How Nurse Practitioners obtained provider status: History of nurse practitioners.
The process of role development goes beyond networking and taking on a new role as an APN. According to Brykczynski’s study of clinical nurse specialists, role development involves a complete makeover of one’s professional identity and the ability to integrate the seven core advanced practice competencies.1 New graduate APNs go through phases during their transitioning period, from a registered nurse to an APN; these phases include orientation, frustration, implementation, integration, frozen, reorganization and complant.2
...t cannot be ignored. Uncontrollable hypertension can be very dangerous as it may lead to many other diseases such as heart failure, stroke and diabetes. Therefore, people should have medical check-up regularly on hypertension. As written above, the pathophysiology of hypertension is due to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system. Others like cardiac output and peripheral resistance and endothelial dysfunction can be also related to the pathophysiology of hypertension. Drug like losartan is used to treat hypertension. It acts on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system by competing with angiotensin II to bind to AT1 receptors and thus stopping the production of aldosterone that would increase the blood pressure. Lastly, this drug should be taken accordingly with the advices from doctors and pharmacists as some people may have undergo side effects and allergic reactions.
are about 1.5-2.0 greater in African Americans than the white population” (p.165). Hypertension is a multifactorial disease by which there are several aspects that causes hypertension. According to Ferdinand & Saunders (2006), "causal factors have been identified in African Americans as obesity, physical inactivity, excess alcohol intake, excess dietary sodium, and inadequate dietary intake of potassium, fruits, and vegetables" (p. 23). Other factors that will cause hypertension in African Americans include race, age, gender, stress, family history of hypertension, socioeconomic status, and lack of awareness about hypertension. There is no definite cause as of hypertension; however, African Americans have several contributors that will lead to hypertension. As a result, many of these factors may lead to vital health
Cardiovascular disease is currently the nation’s leading non-communicable cause of morbidity and mortality. According to the American Heart Association, the most common form of cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease, a condition in which the heart’s blood supply is reduced due to a narrowing of the coronary arteries. These arteries play a significant role in regulating the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart. As blood circulates through the arteries, it exerts a force against the vessel walls, known as blood pressure. To withstand this pressure, elastic fibers interspersed along the artery walls allow the arteries to expand and recoil. Abnormally high blood pressure, however, will cause these muscles to thicken as a result of tears in the damaged artery walls trapping particles that aggregate as plaque. Progressive build-up of plaque ultimately leads to a narrowing of the arteries, subsequently diminishing blood flow to the heart and other body organs. This cascade of events triggered by high blood pressure illustrates why hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Affecting 1 in every 3 adults in the United States alone, hypertension substantially raises the risk for heart disease in an affected individual who, most likely, does not show any signs or symptoms. In addition to the risks associated with this “silent killer,” comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol can drastically worsen health outcomes in hypertensive patients. Given the high prevalence and severe consequences of hypertension if undetected, researching this particular topic will increase our understanding of the causes of hypertension by identifying and narrowing down lead candidates for pot...
John Martin’s systolic blood pressure was recorded at 148 mm/Hg, a borderline high number. An optimal systolic blood pressure is 120 mm/Hg for adults. Currently, Mr. Martin is in the prehypertension stage, meaning that he is at risk for high blood pressure. If he doesn’t begin changing his ways now, high blood pressure will become inevitable. Many doctors say that a good way to lower blood pressure is to lose weight, exercise more, limit salt intake, limiting alcohol intake, not smoking, and taking
Vicki is a 42-year-old African American woman who was diagnosed with Hypertension a month ago. She has been married to her high school sweetheart for the past 20 years. She is self-employed and runs a successful insurance agency. Her work requires frequent travel and Vicki often has to eat at fast food restaurants for most of her meals. A poor diet that is high in salt and fat and low in nutrients for the body and stress from her job are contributing factors of Vicki’s diagnosis of hypertension. This paper will discuss the diagnostic testing, Complementary and Alternative Medicine treatments, the prognosis for hypertension, appropriate treatment for Vicki, patient education, and potential barriers to therapy that Vicki may experience.
Due to current lifestyles, hypertension is one of the most common preventable conditions affecting patients in the UK. Early diagnosis of the condition and simple lifestyle changes could help prevent some of the serious risks associated with hypertension. There are multiple, successful drug treatments available and strict adherence to these could also prevent cardiovascular disease such as heart attack and stroke. However with increased education on the causes of hypertension the increasing prevalence worldwide could vastly be reduced.