Kiersten Arnett, Travis Rode, Collin Masters, Chris Soleki
Team investigation proposal
02 November 2015
Effectiveness of Different Sanitizers/Disinfectants on E. Coli
Introduction:
As the seasons change, people tend to get sick. Living in a confined space with people that may carry the bacteria and viruses that cause illness, is how a large group of people get sick at the same time. Our group would like to test different sanitizers to determine which one is the most effective at killing bacteria. There is a common misconception that using hand sanitizer is the same as washing your hands, but that is not true. By only using hand sanitizer, you not only are spreading some bacteria that does not get killed, but you are also spreading viruses
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From this review, the author is restating how the experiments went on with the elementary students. “Routine hand washing with soap and water has been cited by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being ‘the most important hygiene measure in preventing the spread of infection’” (Meadows 2004). This is important because the soap is supposed to be more effective, according to WHO. In our experiment, soap is a disinfectant that we will be testing against other strong disinfectants to determine what really kills the most bacteria. The results of all of these experiments that were reviewed were inconclusive because some studies used alcohol-based sanitizers and others used benzalkonium chloride, so there is insufficient data to support either of those (Meadows 2004).
Research Hypothesis:
If a disinfectant is introduced to the bacterial plate, then the bacteria will be killed.
If a disinfectant is placed on the bacterial plate at various dilutions, then the diameters of the dead bacteria would also be
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Dilutions are necessary to determine the amount of bacteria each one kills at certain strength levels. Once the dilutions are made, they will be plated on the corresponding E. coli plates and left overnight. Then the diameter of each dilution will be measured to show how much of the bacterial cells were killed. Finally, the results will be graphed by Dilution vs. Diameter. Our null(H0) hypothesis would be as follows; if all the undiluted soap is put on a bacterial plate, then it will have the same diameter of dead bacterial cells as the other disinfectants. The alternative (HA) hypothesis would be; if undiluted soap is introduced to the bacteria, then the diameter of the dead bacteria will be the greatest. Our independent variable is the disinfectant because this is the factor that we change. The dependent variable is the diameter of dead bacterial cells because this is what we are testing. We also have the positive control, different dilutions and type of disinfectant, and the negative control, filter with no disinfectant.
Materials needed: Pipettors, tips, 4 plates of E. coli, filter papers, 20 small test tubes, dH2O, Lysol, soap, hand sanitizer, dish soap, ruler, vortex
1. First, add 1mL of one disinfectant to 5 test tubes. Repeat for each disinfectant, and making sure that only 1 type of disinfectant of is in each set of 5 tubes.
2. Label each tube, 1:10,
Hand washing is very important in order to prevent infection (Leifso, Sheehan, & Knoll, Module 3, 2012). Routine hand washing involves turning on the water, applying soap and then washing for up to 20 seconds (CDC, 2009). All areas should be washed, including the front of the hands, back of the hands, in between fingers, and around the nails (CDC, 2009). After rinsing, paper towels are then used to dry the hands and close the tap (CDC, 2009). Alcohol based hand sanitizers should only be used if it is not possible to get to a sink and if the hands are not visibly dirty (Leifso, Sheehan, & Knoll, Module 3, 2012).
While completing this lab we used four liquids. We used water, milk, orange juice, and soda. To hold the liquids we used two q-tips. We used two petri dishes, one was to hold the pill bugs while they were not being used in the
Parents and teachers encourage children to wash their hands with soap and water after using the bathroom, touching dirty objects, and sometimes before eating. Next to every tissue box there will most likely be a bottle of hand sanitizer that kills 99.9% of germs. Both hand soap and hand sanitizer kill off the germs and bacteria that can cause infections and diseases. Which one works best? The purpose of this experiment is to show which is more effective, hand soap or hand sanitizer (Bjornsson). To prove this, Bjornsson writes up a lab using the growth of bread mold to help identify the results of both products (Bjornsson). I believe that hand soap works better than hand sanitizers because doctors remind us that we should wash our hands especially during flu season to keep us healthy. Therefore, the hypothesis for this lab is that the hand soap will be the better alternative and will slow down the growth of bread mold more than the hand sanitizer in this experiment.
Scoffield, H. (2011, October 03). Ottawa to review safety of key ingredient in anti-bacterial soaps. The
This literature review will analyze and critically explore four studies that have been conducted on hand hygiene compliance rates by Healthcare workers (HCWs). Firstly, it will look at compliance rates for HCWs in the intensive care units (ICU) and then explore the different factors that contribute to low hand hygiene compliance. Hospital Acquired infections (HAI) or Nosocomial Infections appear worldwide, affecting both developed and poor countries. HAIs represent a major source of morbidity and mortality, especially for patients in the ICU (Hugonnet, Perneger, & Pittet, 2002). Hand hygiene can be defined as any method that destroys or removes microorganisms on hands (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). According to the World Health Organization (2002), a HAI can be defined as an infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. The hands of HCWs transmit majority of the endemic infections. As
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines hand hygiene as, “a general term that applies to routine hand washing, antiseptic hand wash, antiseptic hand rub, or surgical hand antisepsis.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013) The idea of hand washing has been around for centuries. In the mid-1800’s Ignaz Semmelweis established that hospital-acquired diseases were transmitted via the hands of health care workers. After Semmelweis observed physicians and health care workers in the obstetric setting and studied mortality rates he recommended that hands be scrubbed in a chlorinated lime solution before coming in contact with every patient. Following the implementation of Semmelweis’s recommendation mortality rates associated with childbirth fell from seven percent to three percent. Although Semmelweis observation and recommendations were significant fellow physicians and colleagues did not adopt them. The 1980’s posed as a crucial time for health care in the sense of hand hygiene. This was when the first national hand hygiene guidelines were published in the 1980s. In 1995 and 1996, the CDC/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) in the USA suggested that either antimicrobial soap or a waterless antiseptic agent be use...
The focus of health care is and has always been, practicing good hygiene, living a healthy lifestyle, and having a positive attitude reduces the chance of getting ill. Although there is not much prevention we can take for some of the diseases but we can certainly practice good hand hygiene to prevent infection and its ill effects. Research proves that hand washing is surely the most easy and effective way to prevent infection in health care. The question for this research: Is Hand washing an effective way to prevent infection in health care? It led to the conclusion that due to the high acuity, high patient: staff ratio, and lack of re evaluation certain units in the health care facilities cannot adhere to correct hand washing guidelines. Hand
The studies provided in the literature review prove that. It is believed that hand washing is the best thing to do to kill bacteria but as study show hand sanitizing is more efficient (Michaels, 2014). The experiment mentioned before done at the University College of Health Studies proves that hand sanitizing is the best way to kill bacteria in hands (2015). The best way to prevent hospital acquired infections is to wash hands in situations where it is necessary, like when hands are visibly soiled, and use hand sanitizer in situations that are appropriate. In other words use your judgment. Because studies also show that washing hands too often can have damaging effects to hands it is not recommended to use hand washing only (Michaels, 2014). It takes about 20 seconds to wash your hands and 5 seconds to use hand sanitizer. Such a big difference can be made in the prevention of hospital acquired infections by just performing that very simple task that doesn’t take very long to do and so many lives can be saved as
Paper Towels Variables: To enable fair test certain aspects of the experiment will have to be
Domestic violence (DV) is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often including the threat or use of violence. Domestic violence can include physical, emotional, psychological, financial, and/or sexual abuse. Abusers may use pressure, fear, intimidation, separation, and other behaviors to gain and retain power over their victims.
To make sure that an accurate number of colonies will be produced, several dilutions are necessarily cultured. The procedure in the laboratory involves creating serial dilutions of the sample (1:10, 1:100, 1:1000 etc. ) in a sterile water environment and spread onto nutrient agar dishes that are sealed and incubated. What these nutrient plates consist of, depends on the different types of microorganisms being researched and targeted to grow. In most cases, the bacteria being studied can be easily identified from the nutrient plate.
daily practice of washing their bacteria laden hands in water intended for a batch of
2. In the large beaker, put water and boil it completely. After that, remove the beaker from heat. 3. Sample tubes (A-D) should be labeled and capped tightly.
“Researchers in London estimate that if everyone routinely washed their hands, a million deaths a year could be prevented” (“Hygiene Fast Facts”, 2013, p. 1). Hands are the number one mode of transmission of pathogens. Hands are also vital in patient interaction, and therefore should be kept clean to protect the safety of patients and the person caring for the patient. Hand hygiene is imperative to professional nursing practice because it prevents the spread of pathogens, decreases chances of hospital-acquired infections, and promotes patient safety. There is a substantial amount of evidence that shows why hand hygiene is important in healthcare
As long as the hand sanitizer contains at least 60 percent alcohol and is used correctly, then it does not matter which form of hand sanitizer is used. Hand sanitizers kill most, but not all of the bacteria and viruses on contact, but it does not work well when there is grime from cooking or gardening because the grime makes a barrier.