Standardization of Base and Determination of Acetic Acid Content in
Vinegar
Aim:
In the first portion of the experiment, standardizing the base takes
place. In the second part of the experiment, using the base, which was
previously standardized to vinegar, which contains acetic acid. The
percentage of acetic acid in the vinegar sample will then be
determined.
EQUIPMENT
* Burette
* Flasks
* White tile
* Electronic balance
* Funnel
* Burette stand and clamp
* 100 mL conical flask
CHEMICALS
* 20 mL vinegar
* 100 mL of 0.1 M NaOH
* Phenolphtalien indicator
Procedure:
Labelled and weighed 100 mL conical flask, and added 3 grams of
vinegar. Added 30 mL of distilled water and two drops of
phenolphthalein indicator to the acid sample. Record the exact mass of
the vinegar.
Placed sodium hydroxide solution in a clean dry beaker and labelled
it. Obtained a burette, burette clamp, meniscus reader, and a pH
meter. Emptied distilled water from burette and rinsed with a few
milliliters of base. Repeated rinsing two or three times and then
completely filled the burette. Eliminated any air bubbles in the tip
of the burette. Used the meniscus reader to read the volume to the
nearest 2 decimal places. Recorded the initial volume. Placed the
indicator into the beaker. Keeping the resulting solution well stirred
throughout the following titration. Started the titration by adding
the acid in increasing of 0.5 mL. When the solution started to turn
pink, I recorded this volume of strong acid as the endpoint and
calculated the volume used in the reaction.
And then I repeated steps 2, 3, 6 and 7 at two more times.
Conclusion:
We learned in our lab how to find the approximate endpoint of an
acid-base solution and what the endpoint signified. In the trial using
the strong acid, the titration curve started its dramatic incline at
about 26 mL of NaOH.
The weight of the final product was 0.979 grams. A nucleophile is an atom or molecule that wants to donate a pair of electrons. An electrophile is an atom or molecule that wants to accept a pair of electrons. In this reaction, the carboxylic acid (m-Toluic acid), is converted into an acyl chlorosulfite intermediate. The chlorosulfite intermediate reacts with a HCL. This yields an acid chloride (m-Toluyl chloride). Then diethylamine reacts with the acid chloride and this yields N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide.
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