Plate tectonics is the theory that landmasses on tectonic plates are in slow constant movement due to convection currents in the mantle. Plate tectonics, or the movements of plates above the lithosphere (the most upper layer of earth's crust) can cause divergent, convergent,and transform boundaries.A boundary the way two tectonic plates collide. is Continental plates are plates that the continents are formed on. Oceanic plates are plates that the ocean covers, and the oceans form on top of these plates. Convergent boundaries and divergent boundaries are ways that these oceanic and continental plates interact with each other. Landforms are formed at boundaries. The landforms formed at boundaries depends on the type of plates that collide, and …show more content…
A mountain is the most basic result of two plates colliding. A mountain is formed when two continental plates collide, the plates crunch and fold the rock at the boundary, lifting it up and forming mountains and mountain ranges. According to the science textbook on page 206 lines 19-22 the text states “Two plates carrying continental crust can also collide. Then, neither piece of crust is dense enough to sink far into the mantle. Instead, the collision squeezes the crust into high mountain ranges.” The second possible landform that is caused by a convergent boundary is a deep ocean trench. A deep ocean trench is an underwater subduction zone involving two oceanic plates, or a continental and oceanic plate. A subduction zone is where two plates collide and the older, denser, and colder tectonic plate goes under (or subducts to) the newer, less dense, warmer tectonic plate. The plate which had more time to cool subducts under the hotter plate because in a colder substance the molecules are closer together which makes the plates substance more dense which causes the plate to sink. Whereas in a warmer substance, the molecules that make up the object are farther apart and are …show more content…
Convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries and convection currents all examples of physical evidence that supports the theory of plate tectonics. Continental drift is the theory contrived by Alfred Wegener in 1912 that states that Earth’s tectonic plates are in slow constant movement. At the time he didn’t know how the continents moved. The theory was soon modernized in the 50’s and the theory of plate tectonics became was born. Plate tectonics is the theory that tectonic plates are in slow constant movement due to convection currents in the mantle. Now we know for sure, thanks to scientific studies of convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and convection currents in the Earth’s mantle, that the continental drift and plate tectonics theories are not
Earthquakes are a natural part of the Earth’s evolution. Scientific evidence leads many geologists to believe that all of the land on Earth was at one point in time connected. Because of plate tectonic movements or earthquakes, continental drift occurred separating the one massive piece of land in to the seven major continents today. Further evidence supports this theory, starting with the Mid-Atlantic ridge, a large mass of plate tectonics, which are increasing the size of the Atlantic Ocean while shrinking the Pacific. Some scientists believe that the major plate moveme...
Source 4. A map of the Earth’s fault lines and plates with the direction of their movement.
According to Levin, “This subduction created batholiths, compressional structures, volcanism, and metamorphism that accompanied Mesozoic and Cenozoic orogenies.” The dense oceanic crust was subducting beneath the continental crust more quickly than it was being created at the mid-ocean spreading ridge. The oceanic crust was part of the Farallon plate, which has now almost completely disappeared because it was consumed by the North American plate (Levin).
The Rocky Mountains were created by the Laramide orogeny, which began roughly 75 million years ago (Connor and Harrison 10). In the paleographic map below it shows the oceans wand where all the landmasses were during this time (DeMets). This can possible give one a better perspective as to what was going on, through out the rest of this process. Most mountains are created by plate boundaries. Either by continental collisions, or subduction zones at plate boundaries usually create mountains. The Rocky Mountains were not, though. These mountains were formed away from plate bo...
The landform are the Appalachian Mountains. The Appalachian Mountains run from Canada all the way to Georgia. The mountains are a result of the movement of plate tectonics. The result of the Appalachian Mountains is the pushing of the crust. Continental collision in the Appalachian Mountains are rocks in the Chattooga River. The layers were buried deeply in the crust. For example, folded layers and pieces of white material were buried. Also, the white material has been melted out of old rocks. Lastly, this doesn’t happen except in the deep crust where it is very hot. In Wallen, Tennessee, rocks have been moved three hundred miles from where they have started. The slab of rocks is the product of this collision between Africa and North America. The original sheet of rocks were three to four miles thick but erosion has reduced it to what it is today. Divergent boundaries formed the Appalachian
Palaeogeography deals with the reconstruction of physical geographical conditions for the eras of the Earth's history. The term comes from the Greek παλαιός (palaiós) meaning ‘old’ and γεωγραφία (geōgraphía) meaning ‘a description of the earth’ and seems to have been introduced in the Earth sciences vocabulary as ‘Palaeo-Geographie’ by Ami Boué (1794‒1881), a French‒Austrian geologist, in his publication Einiges zur palaeo-geologischen Geographie (Boué, 1875, p. 2). Palaeogeography focuses on the distribution of land and sea, the spread of mountains and volcanoes and the expansion of glaciations, among others. The results are presented in geographic depictions called palaeogeographic maps. A special kind of palaeogeograpahical map is palaeobiogeographical maps depicting the distribution of
...tectonic movement of the plates, the stress forms along the fault and ultimately releases as an earthquake. On the pacific plate, Transform boundary along with the San Andreas fault. Transform-fault boundaries is when two plates that slide horizontally past another. Transform boundaries are usually found on ocean floor, but a few occur on the land. San Andreas fault zone is a transform fault, which connects East Pacific rise, in the south a divergent boundary, with South Gorda-Juan de Fuca-Explorer Ridge, yet another divergent boundary to the North. Ultimately because it’s a transform boundary, convergent boundary is strike-slipping past each of the plates in order to release pressure. As the San Andreas Fault is prime transform boundary between the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate, the Hayward Fault assumes a share of the total motion between the plates.
The earth’s surface and the mantle make up the composition of the tectonic plates. This layer, called the lithosphere, rests on top of the asthenosphere, a layer of molten rock. The asthenosphere is constantly moving and flowing due to the extreme pressures...
Later after the sea finally retreated occurred volcanic activity. Mountains rose through laccoliths, which also resemble volcanoes. These laccoliths differ in that they do not erupt. They shifted layers of rock upward in the shape of a dome. This specific piece of geologic morphology occurred at the end of the Cretaceous time. This marked the beginning of the Laramide Orogeny, which was a well-known period of mountain formation in western North America.
First you might need to know definition of tectonics. It is a theory in geology. The lithosphere of the Earth is divided into a small number of plates which float on and travel independently over the mantle and much of the Earth’s seismic activity occurs at the boundaries of these plates. That is the official definition of Plate tectonics. secondly, this plate covers many parts of continents. plate boundaries don’t go according to Continents boundaries, they make their own boundaries. The North American plat...
Convection Currents on the Mantle: The plates on the Mantle appear to “float”. Geologists believe this occurs because of convection currents. These currents are caused by the hot material at the mantle’s bottom rising, cooling, and sinking again. The material would then heat up and the cycle would begin again. It is believed that the Earth’s Crust flows with the currents.
Rocks are hard but in time they can bend or fold producing folded mountains. The Alps formed as the Eurasian plate pushed against the African plate. Other examples of folded mountains are the Rockies, Himalayas, Appalayas, and the Andes. Fault-block mountains are formed when one plate pushes or pulls away from another plate. On the Earth, hot currents of magma or molten rock may well up and crack the weakened crust above.
When people think of geology, they usually think of rocks and fossils. However, geology is actually a very large field of study. The knowledge of geologists ranges from rocks and fossils to the moon and other planets (Hammonds 7-8). Geologists use a variety of subjects in their work, but the sciences and math are the most important. Some of the sciences geologists study are physics and chemistry (12). English is also a subject that geologists use when communicating with other scientists, the media, and the public (12) . Because of these tasks, it is important for geologists to have a wide knowledge of these different subjects.
Earth system refers to the earths interacting physical, biological, and chemical processes. The system consists of land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. The earth system has four spheres, including the geosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. The geosphere refers to the solid parts of the earth system, including earth’s rocky crust, mantle, and the metallic core. Within the geosphere is the lithosphere, which only refers to the uppermost layers of solid earth. The uppermost layers of solid earth are the oceanic and continental crust rocks. Just below the crust is the mantle, which is composed mostly of magnesium and iron silicate minerals. The mantle accounts for about 2/3 of the
The concurrent convective circulations in the mantle leads to some segments of the mantle moving on top of the outer core which is very hot and molten in nature. This kind of movement in different segments occurs as tectonic plates. These tectonic plates are basically seven on the earth surface as major ones, although, several small ones exist also. The plates motions are characterized by varying velocities, this variance results to sub sequential collision of two plates (leading to formation of a mountain in a convergent boundary), drift of two plates (leading to formation of rifts in a divergent boundary), or parallel movement in a transform boundary(Webcache 3).