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Race in social context
Race in social context
Racial stereotypes on black people
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“All of the magazine vendors are black males.”(Duneier, 44) this is a strange statement that sounds particularly ridiculous at first and it does demonstrate certain thought provoking social phenomenon. In order to understand this social phenomenon, we need first to understand the reasons behind those human behaviors. It’s not an easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors, with this in mind, I would like to develop those human behaviors into three phases. Firstly, the social attitudes of surrounding society toward blacks made blacks feel like they were segregated; secondly, the social attitude resulted those “norms” of social behaviors; thirdly, Blacks reactions to those “norms”. In the book, “Or Does It Explode?: …show more content…
“‘People don’t understand what we’re about,’ said Marvin. ‘They already think negative about us.’”(Duneier, 54) moreover, “His Rolodex? I wondered. This unhoused man has a Rolodex? Why I assumed that Hakim was unhoused is difficult to know for certain.”(Duneier, 22). These are concrete examples that Blacks can never get traded equally as whites do. The significance of negative attitude for Blacks cannot be overvalued. It will hurt Blacks’ feeling of self-confidence; it will increase the feelings of alienation in between Blacks and Whites. Furthermore, flashback to the cultural renaissance in Harlem in the 1920s, before the Great depression, the life in Harlem was rich and positive, but that seems to be changing. The Great depression came without any announcement. Under the circumstances, whole society is facing the situation that short for job opportunities, things are going on in people’s mind, “‘No Jobs for Niggers Until Every White Man Has a Job’ and ‘Niggers, back to the cotton fields—city jobs are for white folks.’” (Trotter) People under stress become more intentional, and they acted
Before the Civil War, blacks suffered oppression: slaves to the white man and unable to prosper as individuals. However as Marilyn Kern-Foxworth, author of Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben, and Rastus: Blacks in Advertising Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, explains, “After the Civil War blacks existed free to begin their own communities… and become members of the buying public” (29). With the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery, and with the 14th Amendment, which established equal protection under the law for African Americans, the black community slowly saw improvements, including economic prosperity. However, even then, they confronted discrimination and humiliation. For instance, many “advertisers created campaigns [using] blacks in their advertisements but in demeaning postures that appealed to the white majority” not African Americans (29). The early 1960s marked a critical time for advancement; the Civil Rights Movement with its boycotts and marches demanded real equality. African American leaders called Jim Crow Laws into question and insisted on the integration of schools, businesses, and public transportation. As Brian L. Goff, Robert E. McCormick and Robert D. Tollinson explain in their piece, “Racial Integration as an Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Sports Leagues,” “the civil rights laws and court rulings in the 1950’s and 60’s are among the major changes in public policy that gradually led to a breakdown of Jim Crow rule in the American south” (16). This pivotal moment within American history provoked profound changes in the ways Americans interacted with each other.
Wilson created the atmosphere of not only binding black race with economical and social issues when there are other contributing factors as well. The plight of low-skilled inner city black males explains the other variables. He argues “Americans may not fully understand the dreadful social and economic circumstances that have moved these bla...
While whites lived comfortable lives in their extravagant mansions and driving their fancy cars blacks had to live in a disease infested neighborhood with no electricity or in door plumbing. Approximately one thousand people lived in shacks that were squeezed together in a one-mile zone. The alleys were filled with dirt, rats, human wasted and diseases. Blacks lived in houses made of “old whitewash, a leaking ceiling of rusted Inx propped up by a thin wall of crumbling adobe bricks, two tiny windows made of cardboard and pieces of glass, a creaky, termite-eaten door low for a person of average height to pass through...and a floor made of patches of cement earth”(31). Living in such a degrading environment kills self-esteem, lowers work ethic and leaves no hope for the future.
Some interesting things that Duneier shows us is the racial and social discrepancy of society that the vendors belief and face. Duneier is also aware of the racial and social issue between him and the other vendors. Often times, the vendors would perceive him as “a Jew who was going to make a lot of money off the stories of people working the streets; a white writer who was trying to 'state the truth about what was going on.” (Duneier 12). This can be because of the clear difference of skin tone and because the colored man is brung up to believe that the white man has an education and a good paying job. This results in the stereotype that the white man is “filthy rich and powerful” while the colored is “poor and powerless”. However, this singularity did not stop Duneier from humbling himself to a position in which he was living the daily life similar to the vendors. Because of Duneier’s decision to commit to this observational study, it has made a vast contribution to the understanding of human
John Howard Griffin’s chronicled experiences as a black man in his book, “Black Like Me” is an arrogant if well meaning book. It is arrogant because a 28 day experiment does not compare to the years (especially when learning right from wrong) of prolonged discrimination and racism suffered by African-Americans in the southern United States during the 1950’s.
In today’s age, African-Americans are still viewed as the lower race. There are entire ghettos associated with housing only African-American individuals and cities are divided among racial lines. For example, our hometown of Chicago, the north serves as residence to the “whites” while the south end of the city home to “blacks”. There is a wide-spread belief that African-Americans are not as smart as the rest of the population, are in some way related to a criminal background, and/or do not care about their betterment in any way and are lazy. This is because, Mills argues, racial realists associate racial characteristics to the “peculiar” history of that race. This makes argument makes logical sense given the oppressive history of African-Americans in
Du Bois argues in this quote that “basic racial difference between human beings and had suffered not change,” meaning that racism is still a pressing issue. In this quote he essentially asks the questions, why wont the idea of racism die? Du Bois then links the persistence of racism to economic incentives when he states, “and clung to it… the modern African slave trade a tremendous economic structure and eventually the industrial revolution had been based on racial differences.” As illustrated in this quote, the link between economics and racial indifferences is one reason Du Bois offers as an explanation for why racism has been able persist even until today. The perpetuation of racism and racial difference is how society allocates status and wealth, while socialization maintains the idea of racism Du Bois argues
“Since the social victim has been oppressed by society, he comes to feel that his individual life will be improved more by changes in society than by his own initiative.” These words belong to conversative author and social critic Shelby Steele. Steele is often criticized by the Black community for his right-wing views on ideas such affirmative action and multiculturalism. In Steele’s short essay, The Age Of White Guilt, Steele discusses how the black community has been and still is losing their sense of individuality to the “mob mentality,” and how the modern-day black community is a victim of no-racism. Although Shelby Steele is a wonderful writer with senseful rhetoric, his stance doesn't cover the whole, true scope of Black America. Steele’s view on the African-American community is a broad, straightforward take and Steele’s take on a less-racist community is incorrect, for racism has only become more subtle.
In the research done by Mitchell Duneier, his main question was: What was life was like from the perspective of a street vendor who worked on the sidewalks of 6th ave? He questioned how different vendors made their living noting their different backgrounds and what brought them to the sidewalk in the first place. His research showed that race did play a big role in the amount of street vendors. The author quoted “when I stood at Hakim’s table, I felt that, as a white male, I stood out” (Duneier, 28). Hakim had described the books me sold as “black books” which apparently , according to Hakim, “teach you about yourself and how white people look at you. It teaches you stuff that white people don’t teach you” (Duneier, 31). Another social issue
In his essay, “On Being Black and Middle Class” (1988), writer and middle-class black American, Shelby Steele adopts a concerned tone in order to argue that because of the social conflicts that arise pertaining to black heritage and middle class wealth, individuals that fit under both of these statuses are ostracized. Steele proposes that the solution to this ostracization is for people to individualize themselves, and to ‘“move beyond the victim-focused black identity” (611). Steele supports his assertion by using evidence from his own life and incorporating social patterns to his text. To reach his intended audience of middle-class, black people, Steele’s utilizes casual yet, imperative diction.
In “Black Men in Public Spaces” the author talks about multiply situation where he was treated different for being an African American. Staples said,” I entered a jewelry store on the city’s affluent near North side. The proprietor excused herself and returned with an enormous red Doberman pinscher straining at the end of a leash” (161.) Then there is “Right Place, Wrong Face, which is focused on and African American man that is wrongly accused of a crime because of his race. White said, “I was searched, stripped of my backpack, put on my knees, handcuffed, and told to be quieted when I tried to ask questions” (229.) The two articles have many similarities. Both articles have two educated African America men who get treated different because of their race. Staples and White both have situations where they are being stereotyped by society because there black
...er days perpetuates into the present society. It is important to note that African and White Americans didn’t start from the “same structural position” in terms of wealth. Though blatant racism towards blacks has been minimized, this racism or discrimination sort of changed to favoritism of Whites’ to Whites’; due to this Black Americans continue to stagger behind White in terms of economic success. Dr. Nancy DiTomaso carried out interviews with Whites from different social and political classes, which concluded that inequality in society is prolonged because of White favoritism rather than discrimination. Favoritism in employment among White Americans is an essential factor in maintaining their advantage and access to better paying and more secure jobs in the workforce. Despite racial classes, this favoritism sustains the superiority of Whites’ economic network.
In America, slavery was abolished in 1893, but most of the white operated businesses still are reluctant to render services to black for one hundred years. Businesses propelled discrimination by putti...
Throughout time, there were changes to the way Whites looked at African Americans, learning they related more than they had thought. The civil rights mov...
In the past, research has shown that the black-American community’s exposure to social inequality and discrimination has had a negative impact on their mental health. To summarize this general theory, Dr. Kwame McKenzie states, “In the USA, interpersonal discrimination has been associated with increased rates of hypertension, depression and stress” (Chakraborty). Despite the several social and technological advances that the United States has made over the past few decades, we have not necessarily freed ourselves from the constraints of racism. In a 2009 study evaluating the rates of perceived discrimination among blacks, 60.9% claimed to have experienced day-to-day racism (Keyes). Past studies have used these statistics to prove that this perceived discrimination is a stressor that can cause a variety of mental illnesses, ranging from anxiety, to depression, to phobia. However, a recent paradigm shift has occurred, changing the way researchers are looking at black-American psychology.