Urban Sociology SSN 187-7765 Agnieszka Lewczuk Journal of Child and Family Studies, Vol. 10, No. 4, December 2001 Neighborhood Types and Externalizing Behavior in Urban School-Age Children: Tests of Direct, Mediated, and Moderated Effects The article “Neighborhood Types and Externalizing Behavior in Urban School-Age Children: Tests of Direct, Mediated, and Moderated Effects” written by Laura E. Plybon, Ph.D. and Wendy Kliewer, Ph.D., is mostly about the evaluation of the neighborhood types and externalizing behavior problems in African-American urban children. Research was about assessing the impact of the neighborhood risks, inconvenience and dangers on a child development. The article talks about three distinct neighborhood …show more content…
The article also says that there were more reasons to a bad behavior, then the neighborhood. The quality of the neighborhood where the child grows up can affect the child in many ways, but the article also says that there were more reasons to a bad behavior, then the neighborhood. Other factors than directly a bad neighborhood, can affect a child, and children adjustment in many ways is an impact of family environment, which include things like family stress, family cohesion, family routines and social support from mother. The article also talks about a second step of the research that involved controlling the “potential mediator, and determining if the predictor (neighborhood type) was still associated with the outcome variable (externalizing behavior problems).” The reason for the study about the child’s externalizing behavior and neighborhood type where child grows up was to assess the association between those two. The researchers examined a lot of factors of urban school-age children, for example, family stress, cohesion, routines to support to mediate the association. The hypothesis of the researchers was that
Environment says a lot about identity, past, and future. Primary environment has the most effect on shaping a child. According to a US National Library of Medicine research study, ”The physical environment and child development: An international review” it says, “What we do know suggests that the physical environment experienced by children impacts their cognitive and socioemotional development across the lifespan, from the prenatal period through adulthood.” In children this is especially important because a child develops most between the ages of two and five. There are three key elements that contribute to a healthy physical for young children, an adequate standard of living (mainly sufficient food, clothing, and housing), healthcare, and safety from injury, violence, and environmental hazards. In The Other Wes Moore, Wes(a) had
Within this community the most significant social determinant of health is healthy childhood development. Healthy childhood development is key for this community because 16% of the neighbourhoods population is considered to be a child between the ages of 0-14 years (City of Toronto, 2011a). Healthy childhood development is influenced by other social determinants of health like housing, proper nutrition, and an adequate guardian income. Further, regulated childcare and education have a strong impact on childhood development (Bryant, Raphael, Schrecker, & Labonte, 2011). These conditions not only impact their immediate childhood health and development but the above determinants are the foundation for the childs future health as adult (Raphael, 2012). If the child is provided with adequate and safe housing, a nutritious food supply, and a pro...
One of the oldest arguments within mankind is the nature vs.nurture argument.The age-old question of whether or not is is our DNA or the way we were raised have that determine the type of person we are. I have always believed that both our DNA and the teachings of family, friends, teachers and itself have an effect on how we behave. But most importantly, our circumstances determine our behavior. It is safe to say that all people have done something out of character due to their circumstances and this is extremely obvious when watching the movie Crash by Paul Haggis. Especially when we meet LAPD officers John Ryan and Tom Hansen who are partners. John Ryan initially seems like a racist, molesting crooked cop while Tom Hansen seems to be the socially aware and caring cop who wouldn’t hurt a fly. However, by the end of the movie the viewers see completely different sides of both cops. This drastic change in both of the characters raises questions about whether or not Ryan was born evil or made to be evil due to situations he had no control over and whether or not Hansen is actually as nice as he seems when his circumstances change. I would argue that all people are capable of being nice and all people are capable of being evil. However, I think our DNA affects how we behave more than the way we were taught to behave when we are put into compromising situations. When people are forced to make decisions on the spot we usually don’t have enough time to think about what our parents told us instead we rely on what feels natural.
He distinguishes them into three different categories. One of them being individual level risk factors, like that of race. Here he claims that students of color are perceived as disorderly and dangerous by default. That is why students of color face harsher disciplinary actions and at higher rates. This interconnects with school level risk factors like that of the presence of police officers on campus. Kupchik argues that the presence of police officers on campus criminalizes youth even more. Now students can be criminalized for behavior that before would only result in detention. This goes hand in hand with the social climate of school, which according to Kupchik plays an important role in the behavior of students. If students feel like they are cared about in school then they are less likely to misbehave. Community risk factors include the underfunding of schools in low-income communities that also tend to have high crime rates. Funding impacts the quality of education that the children will receive. Schools in poor communities will have larger classes and fewer resources available for
I have a hard time believing the statement that they experimenter said. He had reviewed the work of Stanley Milgram's experiment and how individuals became so violent. Haney, Banks, and Zimbardo had to of known that if they gave the power to take control of a situation the guards that the power would be abused. The experiment took place in 1986 and though there had been many years passed since Milgram's experiment was conducted in 1963, people then and still today try to get to the top of every situation.
...on the behavior. There are plenty of abused children that go on to lead healthy, well-adjusted lives without committing criminal behaviors. Ultimately, I think human behavior is a delicate balance between nature and nurture although there is no way to prove it with the measures available today.
This includes, but is not limited to, race, gender, socioeconomic status, education, geographical location, early childhood development, occupation, and social support. Social determinants are classified, specifically, as fixed or variable. This ultimately means that one’s classified “social determinant” is either something that is unable to be changed or is something that is able to be altered. Therefore, there are some social determinants for which the individual has a choice on whether or not their actions are controlled by those specific facets of themselves. For example, some social determinants for which an individual has no choice includes their race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status (or more specifically, the socioeconomic status for which you are born to), and early childhood development. Compared to other social determinants, these are factors to every individual that we are unable to change, due to the fact that these specific characteristics are traits that we are born with. Although some of these determinants are able to be changed, the health implications that are connected to these factors will continue to alter and change the individual’s life. For instance, there are specific health issues that affect more individuals in a specific race or gender compared to another social group, ultimately altering the individual’s health. Also, socioeconomic status is linked to many
Social hierarchy and conditions within a community has a direct impact on the health and wellness of the people that reside within the boundaries of that city. Major contributors to the welfare of a neighborhood include but are not limited to: the area in which they live, their social standing within the population and the income of the individual or family. Each factor has a severe influence on the life expectancy of the peoples within the society.
violence against other humans than are their peers, four times more likely to be involved
However it is important to accentuate that factors influence each other and that the experience during the process of adaptation will vary.
Social and economic factors could affect a child’s development as the child’s family may live in poor housing conditions due to low income, this could affect the child’s holistic development as the house may be situated in an area will poor facilities and indoor and outdoor play areas which could affect the child’s physical and social development as they will be unable to develop their fine and gross motor skills as they won’t be out play on bikes, skipping, drawing, writing, swinging or communicating with other children therefore the child may have a delay in his/her physical and social development in the future. Damp in the house could also affect the child’s holistic development as it could affect their health as damp can cause allergic reactions, irritants, toxic substances and asthma attacks. Low income could also affect the child’s health as the parents will not be able to afford nutritious food therefore they will buy cheap, unhealthy food which could influence the child’s growth, development and health as it could lead to a medical condition, for example, diabetes, in the future which could affect the child’s holistic development. Another social and economic factor which could affect the child’s holistic development would be sleep. Sleep could affect a child’s holistic development as it could affect his/her intellectual development as lack of sleep will lead to lack of concentration which could affect the child in an early year setting as they will not learn from their surroundings as they will not be concentrating which will affect their intellectual development as they won’t be able to learn and
As we have been learning this semester in class, the experiences and ecological settings in which a child grows up in are important in giving each child their uniqueness. According to Bronfenbrenner, the degree to which individuals realize their potentials and develop their abilities is determined by interactions and experiences (Berns, 2016). It is evident that these interactions and experiences can come from different sources. In order to understand how a child’s development is influenced by their environment, it is important to know how their biological, social, and psychological characteristics are shaped
Peterson, Candida C., James L. Peterson, and Diane Seeto. Child Developement. Vol. 54. N.p.: Blackwell Publishing, n.d. JSTOR. Web. 29 Sept. 2011.
Imagine going to school one day, and you find out that your teacher is being laid off because the school can not afford to keep them. Your school has decided to triple the amount of students in one class. Urban education has been impacted tremendously by insufficient funding, and overcrowding schools. Urban schools are insufficiently funded causing, smaller amounts of teaching staff, outdated supplies, and poor building conditions. Urban schools are also overcrowded, which causes stressful working conditions and negative effects on classroom activities. The current issues are negatively affecting students academically in urban schools. Insufficient funding and overcrowding urban schools are greatly impacting urban education.
The two neighborhoods that I chose to use for this assignment are vastly different. The main reason is because they are on opposite sides of the country. The first neighborhood that I visited is the one that I grew up in. This neighborhood is in Connecticut, on the East Coast, all the way across the country from the neighborhood that I currently live in here in West Hollywood. Most of my family lives in Connecticut and Massachusetts and I’m the only one who lives on the West Coast. A big difference is that the neighborhood in Connecticut has houses that are more spaced out, have larger lawns, and very many more trees. There are very few apartments there, unlike where I live now where my entire street is almost all apartment buildings.