Monetary Policy Paper
"Monetary Policy is the most significant function of the Fed; it is probably the most-used policy in macroeconomics" (Colander, 2004, p. 661). This paper will discuss and elaborate on "The Monetary Policy Report" submitted to the Congress on February 11, 2003 and concepts of Macroeconomics by David Colander. The state of the economy, concerns of the Federal Reserve, and the stated direction of recent monetary policy will also be discussed.
"Monetary policy is a policy of influencing the economy through changes in the banking system's reserves that influence the money supply and credit availability in the economy" (Colander, 2004, p. 659). Monetary policy also refers to the actions undertaken by a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve, to influence the availability and cost of money and credit to help promote national economic goals. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 gave the Federal Reserve responsibility for setting monetary policy. The Federal Reserve controls the three tools of monetary policy- open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements.
"An open market operation is the Fed's buying and selling of government securities (the only type of asset the Fed is allowed by law to hold in any appreciable quantity). These open market operations are the primary tool of monetary policy" (Colander, 2004, p.667). The discount rate is the interest rate charged to commercial banks and other depository institutions on loans they receive from their regional Federal Reserve Bank's lending facility. The Federal Reserve Banks offer three discount window programs to depository institutions: primary credit, secondary credit, and seasonal credit, each with its own interest rate. Reserve requirements are the amount of funds that a depository institution must hold in reserve against specified deposit liabilities.
The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is responsible for the discount rate and reserve requirements, and the Federal Open Market Committee is responsible for open market operations. Using the three tools, the Federal Reserve influences the demand for, and supply of, balances that depository institutions hold at Federal Reserve Banks and in this way alters the federal funds rate. The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions lend balances at the Federal Reserve to other depository institutions overnight.
State of the Economy is apart from the geopolitical and other uncertainties; the forces affecting demand this year appear, on balance, conducive to a moderate strengthening of the economic expansion.
In conclusion, regardless of Macropoland’s current economic condition, it is fair to say that it is all part of the business cycle. The business cycle has three parts: peak, trough, and peak. The peak is the date that the recession starts. In Macropoland’s case, the peak would be at the beginning of 1973, its trough somewhere between 1973 and 1974, and then its peak again at 1974. In the second scenario, Macropoland is either at its trough, where it is about to head up again because of its low inflation rate, or it is at its expansion, on its way to heading to its next peak.
It acts as a fiscal agent for the United States government and is custodian of the reserve accounts of commercial banks, makes loans to commercial banks, and is authorized to issue Federal Reserve notes that constitute the entire supply of paper currency of the country. Created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, it is comprised of 12 Federal Reserve banks, the Federal Open Market Committee, and the Federal Advisory Council, and since 1976, a Consumer Advisory Council which includes several thousand member banks. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System determines the reserve requirements of the member banks within statutory limits, reviews and determines the discount rates established pursuant to the Federal Reserve Act to serve the public interest; it is governed by a board of nine directors, six of whom are elected by the member banks and three of whom are appointed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve banks are located in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Saint Louis, Minneapolis, Kansas City and Dallas. The Federal Open Market Committee, consisting of the seven members of the Board of Governors and five members elected by the Federal Reserve banks, is responsible for the determination of Federal Reserve Bank policy in the purchase and sale of securities on the open market.
Mary A. Osborne, a registered nurse said, “Nursing is a rewarding profession that can provide life-long job satisfaction and job security” (Jones 8). A registered nurse (RN) teaches their patients and the public all sorts of different health conditions and practices. They also give tips to the patients’ families and friends on how to support them physically and emotionally (Bureau 1). Registered nurses are employed in many places such as hospitals, schools, offices, homes, military services, and in nursing homes (Minnesota 1). Often in time, RNs don 't work by themselves, they work apart of a team that includes doctors, therapists, of course the patient, and generally their families (Minnesota 1-2). To be successful
...gional Federal Reserve Bank. Monetary policy regarding open market operations is established by the FOMC. Policy regarding reserve requirements and the discount rate is determined by the Federal Reserve Bank. Another role in which the Federal Reserve plays a major part is in the supervision and regulation of the U.S. banking system. The examination of institutions for safety and solidity - banking supervision - is shared with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, which supervises national banks, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which supervises state banks that are not members of the Federal Reserve System. The implementation of the Federal Reserve in 1913 was truly a great assett to financial and American well being. Without the Federal Reserve, we would have no agency to control monetary policy and push the economy towards full employement.
There are different education paths you can take depending on whether you get a diploma from an approved nursing program, you’re getting an associate’s degree in nursing (AND), or a bachelor of science degree in nursing (BSN) (USBL). Only certain high schools, trade colleges, and professional schools offer a diploma certificate (DifferenceBetween). I do know that to get an associate’s degree it usually takes about two years and to get a bachelor’s of science degree, it takes about four years. There are many courses that have to be taken in the programs. Some of the ones I didn’t know were required is chemistry, nutrition, microbiology, and sciences in liberal arts (USBL). However, I do know you had to take physiology, psychology, anatomy, and behavioral sciences like sociology. These classes are required along with your clinical hours in the
... growth in this field is also allowing for new medical technology. Employment in the hospitals, however is said to be slow average growth. The nursing employment of home care and nursing homes will continue to grow more rapidly unlike the hospitals. Nursing specialties will also be in great demand. The chances of a registered nurse getting laid off are likely depending on what is going on at that time.
Registered nurses get the opportunity to save lives and make a difference in the lives of others. The nature of a nursing career is appealing, because it is ever-changing. As technology advances, so does the field of nursing; therefore, there is a lifetime of learning and gaining new skills. Nursing is an intensive program. It takes a minimum of a two year associates degree to become an RN, also referred to as a Registered Nurse. Because I am someone who easily obtains boredom, this job field sparks my interest. Since my early childhood, I have wanted to pursue this career. My grandmother is a RN, and the opportunity to help someone in need is something I would like to take advantage of. Registered Nursing is a rewarding field that has job
...l Reserve, 2008). The economy is an ever changing organism that acts and reacts according to the stimulus of various factors and the consumers.
When people think of nurses they think of the basic stereotypes portrayed in movies and T.V shows and how all they do is “deliver shots” or “give shots” but in reality nurses do way much more than that. Nurses are in all the most helpful men and women in a hospital, office, school, etc. and without them the workplace would be completely lost because not only is there registered nurses but there are many types of nurses in the medical field. Doctors, surgeons, and other medical specialists admire and value the work, time, and effort of what nurses do for them.
The first major aspect of the monetary policy by the Federal Reserve is its interest rate policy. This interest rate policy is mainly determined by the figure for the federal funds rate, which is the rate at which commercial banks with balances held within the Federal Reserve can borrow from each other overnight in ord...
To become an registered nurse I need to have at least an associates degree in college. If I take the time and effort to have a bachelors degree then I can get better jobs and earn more money. ("Here’s What You’ll Study in a Registered Nurse (RN) Degree Program"). An education is the first step to becoming a registered nurse. In college I will take classes that will help me learn more about being a registered nurse. Another way to help me specialize as a registered nurse would be to intern so I can watch a professional perform their daily routine as a RN so I know what to expect. This job will throw many things at me and I should have qualities as a person that will help me do my new job
The nursing profession is constantly in a state of change becoming more complex over time. Registered nurses work to prevent disease, promote health and help patients cope. They develop and manage nursing care plans, instruct proper outpatient care, and help improve and maintain health within their community. They are educators of health governed by state laws. Registered nurses can work in many different settings which determine their daily job duties. Depending on their level of training a RN could work with geriatrics, in intensive care units, as an educator, as clinical study observers, a midwife, oncology, or palliative care. Hospital nurses make up the majority of the RN group. They work as staff nurses who carryout medical regimens and provide bedside care. Most registered nurses work in well-lighted comfortable facilities, work nights, weekends, and holidays, and spend a considerable amount of time on their feet. They have to be available at a moment’s notice. Nursing also has its hazards all employees of care facilities are at risk for infectious disease, radiation poisoning, back injuries, shocks from electrical equipment, and hazards posed by compressed gas. Nurses are the link between doctors and patients.
During high school, nurses usually took and excelled at classes science and math based such as chemistry, biology, and algebra. However, high school background does not matter in the process of becoming a nurse. To become a basic registered nurse, there are many routes to get to that goal. One can go the traditional route and major in having a bachelor’s of science in nursing (“How to Become a Registered Nurse”). One can also obtain their associate's degree in nursing and work as a nurse after two years (“How to Become a Registered Nurse”). Though there are many other tracks to become a nurse, those are the most popular ones. In addition to nurses having to complete the program, nurses must acquire a nursing license by passing the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN) (“How to Become a Registered Nurse”). To obtain a specialty a nurse must also go through certification for that specialty (“How to Become a Registered Nurse”). Those requirements could also vary depending on the state. However, unlike the other two specialties, nurse practitioners have to go back to attend school to obtain their master’s degree (“What Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse Midwives, and Nurse Practitioners
…world economic expansion should be least robust in a multipolar world where countries cannot be sure of stable alliances, more robust in a bipolar world because alliances are more predictable, and most robust in a unipolar or imperia...
There are many requirements for nursing. Nursing takes time, practice, hard-work, and dedication. The “road” to becoming a registered nurse often seems long and hopeless. There are so many things to remember- numerical values, parts of the body, and almost every medication known to man, among many other