Eastman Kodak Company is an American company focused on manufacturing photographic, print and film related products such as digital cameras, printers and scanners. It was founded in 1888 and is headquartered in New York, United States. In order to understand Kodak´s situation back in 1993 one has to know what the market was like at this time. Eastman Kodak Company was the strongest player in the early 1990s and Kodak Gold Plus was seen as the industry standard. In 1993, the US photo and film market consisted of 670 million 24-roll exposures whose prices ranged from $2.50 to $3.50, resulting in a total of approximately $2 billion. The industry was mature, leading to a 2% annual growth, and the market was relatively concentrated with four major players, namely, Kodak, Fuji, Agfa and 3M. Eastman Kodak Company and Fuji sold branded products, whereas Agfa and 3M sold the products b2b and b2c under private labels. Polaroid sourced its products from 3M.
Among the film companies Kodak had the highest market share with 70%, far beyond companies like Fuji (11 %) and Polaroid (4 %) as well as private label (10 %) and other (5 %). (Exhibit "Market Share") However, Fuji´s global sales of $10 billion made it half Kodak´s size. Even though Kodak was the dominating brand, it faced the problem of a 6% decline in market share within the last five years and a 3% drop in sales in the last year. At the same time, Fuji´s and Polaroid´s sales grew more than 15% in the past year. This is closely linked to the four price tiers in the film market, namely, Superpremium brands, Premium brands, Economy brands and price brands. With prices ranging from $4,27 to $4.69 Fuji and Kodak are positioning themselves in the high price segment through their superpremi...
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...ad price sensitive picture takers to switch to other suppliers when Funtime is not offered and probably even longer. Furthermore the advertisement budget distribution has counterproductive effects: Not educating people about a new product is a decision, which I would never expect from high ranked executives. In contrast I would market Funtime from the very beginning on and even offer it during the whole year. Additionally I would price Royal Gold a little bit higher. The problem Kodak faces here is that the price of Royal Gold is too close to Gold Plus and could cannibalize it. Beyond that I would sell the products with a different distribution strategy, making them available to a broader audience. Even though Kodak basically made the right decisions, there were still some strategic mistakes, which would improve Kodak´s outcome in terms of sales and profitability.
Their committing strategy to provide excellence in customer service and deliver quality products has brought them leading market share in the industry. Konica is providing them with quality products at competitive prices enable them competition within the market along big names like Xerox, Sharp and Canon. Customers base their purchase primarily on service and dealer reputation and Daytun's commitment to these factors has helped them grow in the market. The industry is maturing and future growth opportunity within London is under question. Competitors are aiming to increase market share through aggressive pricing, which can, consequently affect Daytun's sales (See Exhibit 2).
Attach a small photograph (3.5 x 5 inches or smaller) of something important to you and explain its significance.
Movies today are extremely expensive to make and are typically financed through either film studio contracts or from investors willing to take a risk. In order to be successful, movies need to be marketed and distributed either under contract by the film studios or by companies that specialize in such services. The aspects of financing, marketing and distribution of films have changed between the studio and independent systems over the years as the evolution of the film industry took place.
As can be seen in exhibit to solution 2, we have estimated the per-film value of each production company. MCA Universal, Warner Brothers and Walt Disney Co are the only production companies that provide a positive per film value, with values of 9.89, 1.92, 12.56 million respectively. This value is calculated by dividing the net present value of all the movies by the total number of movies. We also calculated the average value of each production company based upon their share of the total number of movies produced. The companies with positive values were MCA Universal, Warner Brothers and Walt Disney Co is also the only production companies that provide a positive per film value, with values of 1.40, 0.37, 1.40 million respectively. These values are based on the average value per film multiplied by the company's average share of the industry.
George Eastman founded the Eastman Kodak Company in 1888, and pioneered the photography industry with new technology that would help bring photography to the mainstream. After its inception, Kodak created what many called a "monopoly" in the photography industry. Both in 1921 and in 1954 the company had to endure a consent decree imposed by the US Government in which it was concluded that Kodak monopolized the market in violation of the Sherman Act (the first and oldest of all US federal, antitrust laws). Kodak settled the 1921 decree and agreed to be bound by restrictions. The Company was barred from preventing dealers from freely selling goods produced by competitors. On the other hand, the 1954 decree prevented Kodak from selling a bundle that included the color film and the photofinishing, among other restrictions. This tying arrangement of products is an agreement by a party to sell one product on the condition that the buyer also purchases a different (or tied) product, or at least agrees that he will not purchase that product from any other supplier. In this case, Kodak was selling the photo film while conditioning the buyer to also buy the photofinishing product (because it was included in the price). Both decrees had supporting evidence of the high market power that Kodak had at the time, for which both cases were based.
Most parents want to capture their children's back-to-school moments on film. The only problem with this is that most children get upset at the mere idea of posing for that back-to-school picture, and will do the best that they can to avoid it. If and when you do succeed in getting your child to pose for that picture and look happy, he or she would already have lost the polished look that you worked so hard to achieve. There is a secret on how to make this ritual more tolerable and less of a chore for kids. A little planning goes a long way towards letting you take that precious photograph without upsetting your kids.
Moul, C. C. (2005). A concise handbook of movie industry economics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
In this essay I will look at the Film Company and distributor Universal Studios, also known as Universal Pictures. I will analyse the logo, branding, and marketing within the corporate company. Overview of Universal Studios. With a long history in the film making industry, Universal Studios is the largest film studio in the world, with 9000 employee’s. The company produced ‘ET: The Extra Terrestrial’ and ‘Jurassic Park’ which are two of the highest grossing movies of all time.
The invention of Snap Chat was literally an accident; two measly college students got bored and that’s why they invented Snap Chat. This app has revolutionized photo taking to a whole new level. In this paper I will talk about, who invented Snap Chat, how Snap Chat became popular, why teens use it and how Snap Chat influenced our culture.
Two new managers have been appointed at Sony in the last 15 years due to a number of developing problems, including the innovation ‘cogs’ within Sony slowing down, being forced into an aggressive pricing strategy, increased competition, losing the battle of VHS and Betamax, profit and sales remaining flat and the ongoing poor performance of Sony films (Mintzberg et al, 2003). Both managers initiated major strategic changes with varying degrees of success; firstly Nobuyuki Idei was appointed and initiated a major shift from analogue to digital technology, as there was a belief that Sony was falling behind the market in this respect. Idei also targeted the top position in the audio and visual industry, a universal standard in home computer devices and a new distribution infrastructure. He believed his job was the ‘regeneration of the entrepreneurial spirit’ (Mintzberg et al, 2003), believing it had been lost.
The introduction of videos and video cassette recorders (VCR) occurred in the 1950s. It wasn’t until the 1970s, however, when the first video rental store popped up. These stores provided ways for consumers to pay a small price to rent a video for a few days rather than pay a large price to own it. As is typical with the introduction stage of the cycle, there were few competitors
Kirlian Photography is used to capture electrical coronial discharges. It is basically a way of capturing contact photographs through connecting an object to a voltage source. You would first begin by placing film on top a piece of metal. Then you would place the object you wish to capture an image of on top the film. As you switch on the power electricity will flow through the object and jump to the metal plate, creating coronal discharges, which is what the film captures to create the image of the object. You may see an image of the setup below
Paperclips are an everyday use in today's world. They hold our papers together, when we don’t want to use a stapler that will poke the unwanted holes into our paper. They also keep our papers organized and neat. There are many types of paper clips that were created, but only a few really were the ones. Over the many years, since ancient Eurasia, the clip has made its way through many patents, inventors, machines, and much more. There are many different colors, sizes, forms of paper clips.
Eastman Kodak went through a considerable transformation change since it was founded. The organization structure at Eastman Kodak was a typical classical hierarchy with the CEO overlooking the entire organization. Later in 1984, the company went through a transformation change in which it was reorganized into 29 separate business units grouped into four lines of business. It included Photography (PPG), Commercial and Imaging Group (CIG), Chemicals (EC), and Health (HG) and three international segments. Each group operated under its own general manager.
Photojournalism plays a critical role in the way we capture and understand the reality of a particular moment in time. As a way of documenting history, the ability to create meaning through images contributes to a transparent media through exacting the truth of a moment. By capturing the surreal world and presenting it in a narrative that is relatable to its audience, allows the image to create a fair and accurate representation of reality.