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Consequences of social identity theory
Consequences of social identity theory
Consequences of social identity theory
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The two Governments recognise the birthright of all the people of Northern Ireland to identify themselves and be accepted as Irish or British, or both, as they may so choose, and accordingly confirm that their right to hold both British and Irish citizenship is accepted by both Governments and would not be affected by any future change in the status of Northern Ireland. (The Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement, 10 April 1998, Article (vi))
I am going to analyze Sean Byrne’s research study on the effects of the historical identity of two groups of Protestant schoolchildren in Northern Ireland (Byrne, 2000, p. 92). One group attended an integrated school while the other attended a nonintegrated school. Byrne’s goal was to determine if those schoolchildren in integrated schools…approached his study using interpersonal identity theory, intergroup identity theory, and structural changes. I will examine the limitations and gaps in his study, and determine that his theories … I am going to apply … theories to Byrne’s study and examine the limitations and gaps. I will apply theory to further peacebuilding.
I will review particular historical details so as to give context to Byrne’s study and my analysis: (1) the history of the conflict between the Protestant Unionists and Catholic Nationalists, (2) the history of Protestant mistrust and identification with Great Britain, and (3) the history of segregated education in Northern Ireland.
History of Conflict Between the Unionists and Nationalists
Northern Ireland has remained in a state of conflict for much of the past century ("A brief history," n.d.). Those unacquainted with the struggle might assume the cause is mainly about religious distinctions since the two sides are almos...
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...conciliation. Journal of Peace Education, 1(2), 147-163. doi: 10.1080/1740020042000253712
**Northern Ireland Office, (1998). The Belfast agreement: an agreement reached at the multi-party talks on Northern Ireland (Cm 3883). Retrieved from http://www.dfa.ie/uploads/documents/Anglo-Irish/agreement.pdf
Pruitt, D. G., & Kim, S. H. (2004). Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement. (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Smith, A. (2003). Citizenship education in Northern Ireland: Beyond national identity? Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(1), 15-32. doi: 10.1080/0305764032000064631.
**Smith, A. (2010). Religious segregation and the emergence of integrated schools in Northern Ireland. Oxford Review of Education, 27(4), 559-575. doi: 10.1080/03054980120086248
**The troubles. (n.d.). BBC. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/troubles
British- Irish relations over the past three hundred years have been troubled. There have been many tensions caused by religion in Northern Ireland and Britain's unfair rule of Northern Ireland. The British are guilty of many of the indignities suffered by the Irish people. They are also guilty of causing all of the religious and territorial conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland.
It is mentioned in the journal, “The Demographic Factor in Ireland’s Movement towards Partition(1607-1921)” ...
What do you think of when you hear the name Ireland? Ireland is a relatively small island off the coast of Great Britain with a land area of 32,424 square miles (Delaney 2). There are several things that you may associate with this country such as St. Patrick’s Day, shamrocks, beer, and strife. The source of the bitterness behind this conflict began centuries ago, when Britain came over and forced Protestantism on the Irish Catholic inhabitants. For this reason there has always been an animosity between the Protestants and the Irish Catholics. The island is broken up into two distinct regions. The Republic of Ireland consists of twenty-six counties, which make up the southern region. This area is predominantly Roman Catholic. Northern Ireland is made up of the six northern counties, which are under British rule and predominately Protestant. Both sides use propaganda to spread their ideas and gain support. They each have organizations, such as the I.R.A., in the south, and the U.V.F., in the north, which use peaceful methods such as newspapers and murals along with violence to fight for their cause. In Northern Ireland the Protestants used their position in the government to spread anti-Catholic propaganda and persecute the Catholic citizens.
Ireland has a very conflicted history. Just when that history may seem to take a turn for the better, it seems that there is always another event to keep the trend of depression ongoing. The separation of the Protestant and Catholic Church would be the center of these events. However, the two different groups could potentially work together for the betterment of the nation. Through an analysis of why Protestants and Catholics split in the first place, disadvantages that Catholics would face in the coming years and also how these disadvantages were lifted, an argument will be developed in that there is perhaps the chance that they may end up working together in the future for the betterment of Ireland. Although these two groups would fight over the countless decades, they need to join into one entity if they wish to see a better future for Ireland.
Violence, terror, suffering and death. The conflict that has been burning in Northern Ireland seems to be an unstoppable battle and it has flooded over the land of Northern Ireland. The struggle for power and the persistence of greed have fueled the raging fires of the opposing groups. The conflict in Northern Ireland has been discussed continually over the past few decades. Ever since the beginning of the “Troubles,” organizations have been scavenging to find a plan that will cease the violence. Throughout my research for this project, the questions of what are the main sources of conflict in Northern Ireland and why have they continued today guided me to many fascinating pieces of evidence that provided me with a more compassionate view of the situation of Northern Ireland. My research topic was very broad and to get down into a more explicit viewpoint, I chose to search for my sources by selecting three disciplines.
Over the course of the past few centuries the racialization and treatment of the Irish people in Britain has changed dramatically. This is due in part, to the paradigm surrounding the dynamic and fluctuating relationship between both nations. From the colonization, subjugation and simeonization of the Irish people, as British subjects, during the eighteenth and nineteenth century; through to the dichotomy created around the question for the British government of, ‘What to do with the Irish?’, arising from the formation of the Irish Free State and further compounded by the subsequent Irish withdrawal from the commonwealth, during the time surrounding the formation of the Irish Republic in 1949. Subsequently, Irish people living in Britain were now newly perceived as ‘White’, and carelessly assimilated by ‘forced inclusion’, into a newly constructed and imagined homogenised British society, arising from the aftermath of WWW II (Hickman 1998). This paper intends, through the use of the historical element of the Sociological Imagination, to examine the impact of racialization on the ethnic Irish communities living in Britain. First the essay will define and elaborate the concepts of ‘race’ and ‘racialization’, and the relevance of this concept to ethnic groups. The paper will then continue by examining the mechanisms by which the Irish were radicalized, paying particular attention to the kinds of characteristics attributed to the Irish over the years. The essay will then elaborate on the findings from sociological research conducted around the impact of racialization on British residents of an Irish ethnic background, and their experiences through the manifestations of anti-Irish racism on an institutional and personal level.
Throughout the nineteenth century Ireland experienced much change in many aspects of society. Politically, constitutionally and socially. The onset of the Great Famine in the middle of the century would define much of the Irish catholic thought towards British rule in Ireland. The Act of Union in 1801 became a catalyst for the political reform which would consume political thought in Ireland over the next 120 years. Throughout this essay I will critically assess the political movements and reforms in Ireland from the political movement and leadership of Daniel O Connell in the early years of the 1800s until the fall of Parnell at the conclusion of the century.
M. E. McGuinness (Eds.), Words Over War: Mediation and Arbitration to Prevent Deadly Conflict (pp. 293-320). New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
First off, it is important to understand the political and social whereabouts of Northern Ireland from 1898 to gage the changes that have been made in policy. Before 1921, the North and South of Ireland were under British rule. When the government of Ireland Act 1920 partitioned the island of Ireland into two separate states, Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland, the North of Ireland remained under British rule while...
The authors provide a background to the Troubles of Northern Ireland, with their main focus being a detailed analysis of the religious, geographical, age and gender distribution of polit...
The Irish and British governments fought for many years over the ownership of Northern Ireland. Britain had main control over Northern Ireland, and Ireland did not think that was fair. Be...
Not a unified and separate country until 1921, Northern Ireland has had cultural, financial, and economic that makes it stand affront from the rest of the Emerald Isles. With its close proximity to England and the immigration all through the 1600s of English and Scottish, Northern Ireland has become more anglicized th...
McCann et al. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, 1994, 95-109).
O’Sullivan, D. 2006. Cultural Politics and Irish Education since the 1950’s. Ireland: Cork University Press.
White, Robert W; White, Terry Falkenberg. “Repression and the Liberal State: The Case of Northern Ireland, 1969-1972”. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 39, No. 2 (Jun.,