ince thiamine is an important cofactor in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a deficiency caused by excessive alcohol intake can have devastating effects on the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Neurological effects caused by thiamine deficiency are known as Dry beriberi, while cardiovascular effects are known as Wet beriberi (Morse 1992). Thiamine deficiency can result in acetylcholine deficiency, which leads to memory loss and lack of concentration. Thiamine is responsible for the maintenance of nerve cells and improper maintenance caused by a deficiency can lead to tremors. It is interesting to note that putting a patient on an anti-seizure medication can result in thiamine deficiency (1992). As aforementioned, thiamine is an essential cofactor in the PDC …show more content…
Calcium is an essential mineral that maintains bone health and teeth. A chronic calcium deficiency can ultimately result in osteoporosis (NIAAAA 2011). Iron is primarily contained in red blood cells. Consequently, since red blood cells are impacted due to the vitamin B12 deficiency, it is apparent as to why iron levels are also affected. Chronic iron deficiency results in fatigue and poor performance. Zinc deficiency is also prevalent amongst alcoholics. Zinc is a highly essential for reproductive and immune healthy (Garrett and Grisham 2010). A deficiency of this nutrient results in poor circulation and infertility problems. Healthy zinc concentrations are important to prevent the development of hypogonadism. In men, hypogonadism results in decreased activity in the testes, and in women, decreased activity in the ovaries. The organs are not producing hormones at an adequate rate. In teenagers who abuse alcohol, this can be especially detrimental because the onset of puberty will be severely delayed, resulting in critical problems with growth and
Korsakoff’s syndrome is a brain disorder that is related to heavy alcohol use over a long period of time. This disorder is caused by a lack of Thiamine, or vitamin B1. Excessive amounts of alcohol use lead to Thiamine deficiency, which affects the brain and nervous system. Thiamine deficiency can be caused by poor eating habits, as heavy drinkers typically do not have nutritional diets that fulfill their vitamin needs. Alcohol can also disrupt the process in which Thiamine is changed into the active form, Thiamine Pyrophosphate. Alcohol also inflames the stomach lining, causing vomiting; again, this affects the body’s absorption of key vitamins. The effect alcohol has on the liver also affects the storage of these vitamins. Korsakoff’s syndrome is also related to another brain disorder, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. This syndrome involves the Korsakoff syndrome and also Wernicke. Wernicke’s syndrome involves undernutrition, jerky eye movements, poor balance, and memory loss, which is caused by heavy alcohol consumption. If this condition is...
Vitamin B12 deficiency limits selenium methylation and excretion resulting in higher tissue selenium levels and subsequent toxicity. It occurs in people whose digestive systems do not adequately absorb the vitamin from the foods they eat. Vegetarians who eat eggs and milk products are the most at risk because, on average, they consume less than half the adult vitamin B12 Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) while strict vegans (who don't eat any animal products, including meat, eggs, or milk) are at an even greater risk. Vitamin B12 is important since it works with the vitamin folate to make the body’s genetic material and help keep levels of the amino acid homocysteine in check which helps to decrease heart disease risk. It is also essential in the production of red blood cells which carry oxygen through the blood to the body’s tissues. Life Extension gives offers some of selenium supplements. Babies who are born of parents with low selenium and vitamin B12 rich foods are at risk of anaemia.
Edward Barry Dalton is the only member of the regiment to have been the subject of a previously published work. A short biography including a selection of the surgeon’s wartime official correspondence entitled Memorial of Edward B. Dalton M.D. was complied and published as a tribute by his brother John Call Dalton shortly after his death in 1872. (John Call Dalton, Memorial of Edward B. Dalton)
The slave witch from South America. Tituba of Salem and her family were brought from Barbados to the United States. Tituba was captured at a young age and bought by Samuel Perris which later was brought to Boston Massachusetts in the late 1600’s. She became a servant for Samuel Perris and his family. “In November of 1689, Samuel Parris moved Tituba and his family to Salem after he was appointed the new minister of Salem Village” (Rebecca Beatrice Brooks, Tituba The Witch of Salem). People used to confuse Tituba with half Indian American and African, but the truth is that her race was unknown. No one knew where was she original from since she was captured and brought to Barbados then moved to Boston when she was later sold as a slave.
When alcohol is consumed, an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase metabolizes the alcohol to acetaldehyde at a rate of one standard drink per hour (Schuckit, 2009). After repeat exposures, tolerance may develop as a result of adaptational changes in the cells of the central nervous system (Merck, 1999). The increased tolerance may cause the patient to consume alcohol in greater quantities than before to achieve the same intoxicating effects. Alcoholics suffer dramatic long-term health damage. The most common forms of specific organ damage in alcoholics are cirrhosis, peripheral neuropathy, brain damage, a...
Once ingested, food must be digested so it is available for energy and maintenance of body structure and function. Alcohol inhibits the breakdown of nutrients into usable molecules by decreasing secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas. Alcohol impairs nutrient absorption by damaging the cells lining the stomach and intestines and disabling transport of some nutrients into the blood. In addition, nutritional deficiencies themselves may lead to further absorption problems. For example, foliate deficiency alters the cells lining the small intestine, which in turn impairs absorption of water and nutrients including glucose, sodium, and additional foliate. Even if nutrients are digested and absorbed, alcohol can prevent them from being fully utilized by altering their transport, storage, and excretion. Decreased liver stores of vitamins such as vitamin A and increased excretion of nutrients such as fat, indicate impaired utilization of nutrients by alcoholics.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in the United States and often responsible for anemia and neurologic symptoms, particularly in the elderly.
Reasons for thyroid surgery can range from known or suspected thyroid cancer to one or more enlarged nodule that cause swallowing or breathing problems. Just as the reasons for surgery can vary, there are several surgical solutions that range from traditional operations to minimally invasive procedures. A Victorville or Glendora General Surgeon will analyze your individual situation. The surgeon will recommend the best procedure, based on your particular symptoms and overall health status. You will be given pre and post-surgery instructions on how to care for the surgical site, when to resume your daily activities, and when to schedule checkups in the surgeon’s office. If the entire thyroid is
Nutritional deficiency can be defined as an insufficient supply of required nutrients (as vitamins and minerals) in the diet, thus this can lead to malnutrition (‘Nutritional Deficiency’ n.d.). Vegetarian diets lack of many types of nutrients such as protein, iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12. One of the most common nutrients that are very hard to be found in a vegetarian diet is vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is necessary for us to consume because it helps to build a normal functioning body and brain. Animal products provide enough amount of vitamin B12. According to Walton (2011), he stated that the lack of vitamin B12 can cause problems in cell functioning, dizziness, anemia, poor concentration and many more.
It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body. Long alcohol use makes it harder for your body to produce new bone. Excessive drinking puts you at increased risk of osteoporosis sand bone fractures. Muscles become subject to severe weakness. Sexual and reproductive system is a system of the sex organs that work together for sexual reproduction.
These conditions can cause problems to the kidneys, since they will have to try to restore the neutrality by producing more alkaline urine, leading to an increase in their workload (Epstein, 1997). This increased workload can lead to different dysfunctions or renal collapse. In conclusion, from what was previously reported in the essay, it could be noticed that within the body, one of the systems that is more damaged by alcohol abuse is the renal system. The damages that this substance creates are really crucial since they interfere with the maintenance of homeostasis. As it can be clearly noticed throughout the essay, alcohol affects the kidneys at both a macroscopically and microscopically level, leading to many different health problems in alcoholics.
Illness is one of the main causes when you don’t have enough vitamins in your system because your immune is weak by not having any vitamin. A weak immune system can make you more susceptible to a common cold or fever. It seems that taking vitamin supplements does not work as well as taking vitamin in by a healthy diet. When eating unhealthy you could get different types of diseases. Having a high blood pressure can cause a higher risk of strokes and heart problems along with diabetes. Over time our population
Alcohol has many terrible effects on a person’s health. Alcohol affects many different parts of the body, but first of all, alcohol affects the brain. A person’s brain is very important, it shows how someone thinks, makes decisions, and controls their body. According to National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
There are 47% of pre-school children, 30% of menstruating women and 42% of young, pregnant women are suffering from iron deficiency. Vegetarians and vegans also have a opportunity of iron deficiency. Iron, which is a fundamental mineral, is a main element of red blood cells. If people suffer iron deficiency, the most ordinary consequence is anemia. The symptoms of anemia are usually weakness, tiredness, impaired brain functionand weakened immune system (Bjarnadotti, 2015). Zinc deficiency was first been discovered in 1961, being obvious to be a significant malnutrition problem in recent. Infants, children, adolescents, pregnant, lactating women and elderly are the groups at high risk of zinc deficiency. For young children and teenagers, they need lots of zinc during growth. For pregnant and lactating women, they demand more nutrition to nurture new born baby. A healthy human generally absorbs zinc around 107 µmol/day to 232 µmol/day. Zinc is widespread in cells and the character of it in human body can be divided into three broad categories: namely catalytic, structural and regulatory functions. The people who lack of zinc will affect their organ systems such as epidermal, gastrointestinal, central nervous, immune, skeletal, and reproductive systems (Roohani et al., 2013). In 1920, vitamin A deficiency was generally known between destitute people around the world
Minerals (micronutrient), there are various minerals and each group plays a different role, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) all help to harden bones and teeth. Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in haemoglobin (Hb). Potassium (K), sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) are all helpful in maintaining the bodies PH balance and are all used in action potential (Grammarly,