Importance of Monera

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Importance of Monera

a)Production of food: cheese, yogurt, vinegar, wine, sour cream, etc.

b)Industry : cleaning up petroleum, remove waste products from the water, synthesize drugs and chemicals.

Symbiosis : The interdependence of different species, which are

sometimes called symbionts. There are three main types of symbiosis,

based upon the specific relationship between the species involved:

mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. Symbiosis that results in

mutual benefit to the interdependent organisms is commonly known as

mutualism. An example of mutualism is the coexistence of certain

species of algae and fungi that together compose lichens. Their close

association enables them to live in extreme environments, nourished

only by light, air, and minerals. Living separately, the alga and

fungus would not survive in such conditions. In parasitism, also known

as antagonistic symbiosis, one organism receives no benefits and is

often injured while supplying nutrients or shelter for the other

organism. Parasites include viruses and bacteria that cause many

diseases; certain protozoans that can infect plants and animals;

tapeworms and flukes that infest the intestinal tracks and internal

organs of animals. The type of symbiosis known as commensalism is a

food-sharing association between two different kinds of nonparasitic

animals, called commensals, that is harmless to both and in many cases

is mutually advantageous. Many commensals are free to separate. Other

commensals function together so completely that they cannot separate.

They do not harm each other. An example is a polyp found in deep water

off the coast of Newfoundland. It attaches itself to the shell of a

certain species of hermit crab and, by budding, covers the entire shell

with a colony that dissolves the original shell. Because the colony

grows at the same rate as the crab, it furnishes continuous protection,

and the crab does not shed its shell at periodic intervals as it

normally would. The polyp, in turn, benefits by moving about with the

crab, thereby obtaining a greater food supply than it would if attached

to a stationary object.

Uses of Bacteria in the Environment :

Bacteria feed on dying material and convert it back into basic

substances. This process of decomposition is as significant as

photosynthesis, for without it food chains would cease, and fallen

trees, leaves, and other refuse would simply pile up. Bacteria also

strongly influence the movement of key elements, such as sulfur, iron,

phosphorus, and carbon, around the globe. The weathering of rocks,

which releases elements back into life systems for use, is

substantially enhanced by the breakdown processes of bacteria.

Uses of Bacteria in Sewage Disposal : The main cleansing agents in

sewage treatment are a variety of specialized bacteria that convert,

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