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Essay on the fur trade in canada
Native impacts on europeans
Essay on the fur trade in canada
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Kenneth Coates, author of Furs Along the Yukon: HC-Native Trade in the Yukon River Basin examines and explores the Fur Trade of the Yukon River Basin before the Klondike Gold rush in pursuit to analyze the early economic development of Yukon. Coates furthermore attempts to question the native-European exchange in one of the last regions of initial contact between aboriginal residents and Europeans in North America. It was believed that the miners and the Herschel Island whalers impacted the fur trade, varying the customary demands of the natives and transformed the native economy and HBC, and Americans, whom didn’t have significant impact of the structure and content of the fur trade. The Natives recognized their own necessity to trade and …show more content…
However, they declined to explore no further than the West and was supposedly alleged from the Indians attack. HBC did not want to violate on Russian property or create a path from the pacific inland for other competitors to use. Competition increased when competitors gained access to resources and created alliances and trading partners to further develop and expand their industry. Natives inferred rivalry with the Russian Fur Company spreading mistruths of them coming closer to where HBC’s outpost was. This generated positives and negatives for natives in their trade influence and request were dealt with quickly and in demand for short supply goods. Nevertheless, HBC refused to lower tariffs or prices due to the anticipated profit. The Natives were able to manufacture competition for 15 years before HBC began sending ships down stream to Trade which cut out the Kutchin’s middle man status. In 1893, HBC removed themselves from the area and Americans, whalers and soon to be miners all brought distinctive products to the natives that were previously forbidden. The Natives exploited competition as they always purchased goods cheaper from the Americans after US purchased Alaska and competition traders quickly settled
Upper Canada was in the tumultuous process of settlement during the nineteenth century. From 1800-1860, wheat and flour exports went from a negligible amount to peak at 13 billion bushels in 1860.1 It is important to understand the rapid nature of settlement to contextualize life in rural Upper Canada. From 1805-1840, the population increased by over eight hundred percent.2 Many of these were Irish emigrants, even in the period preceding the famine; these pre-Famine Irish emigrants were predominantly “middling farmers,” «c'est à dire des fermiers cultivant des terres petites ou moyennes, ceux qui ont été le plus durement touchés par la baisse soudaine des prix des produits agricoles à la fin des guerres napoléoniennes [en Europe]».3 Many of the emigrants settled into townships and villages on the agricultural frontier, such as the Biddul...
The French Fur Trade Beginning in the mid sixteenth century, French explorers were able to establish a powerful and lasting presence in what is now the Northern United States and Canada. The explorers placed much emphasis on searching and colonizing the area surrounding the St. Lawrence River “which gave access to the Great Lakes and the heart of the continent”(Microsoft p?). They began exploring the area around 1540 and had early interactions with many of the Natives, which made communication easier for both peoples when the French returned nearly fifty years later. The French brought a new European desire for fur with them to America when they returned and began to trade with the Indians for furs in order to supply the European demands. The Natives and the French were required to interact with each other in order to make these trades possible, and, over time, the two groups developed a lasting alliance.
In addition, these goods cost money. It ultimately caused a dependence which many of us do not think about when you inquire about the relations between the European and the Native American. The rapid rate of settlers relocating to America from all of Europe also would have eventually caused tribes to either fight or to join the masses and adapt to
Although Frobisher's gold mines were soon forgotten his three voyages to the Arctic sparked not only interest in a north west passage to the Orient but also the idea of English sovereignty over northern North America. Over the next three hundred years British exploration and trade gradually penetrated Arctic Canada and Britain's right to possession of the vast area was accepted by other nations. In 1880 British sovereignty over the area was passed to Canada. In 1999 the Territory of Nunavut was established returning a measure of sovereignty to the descendents of the original inhabitants - the Inuit. In the very area that Frobisher had claimed for his Queen four hundred years before lies the capital of Nunavut - Iqaluit.
Lewis and Clark were viewing trade as a long-term venture, while the Indians wanted an immediate exchange or merchandise.
Another key resource in the attraction to Canada was the fur that was available. In the 17th and 18th century, fur was in high demand in Europe. Fur pelts were seen as fashionable, and of high value at the time. Beavers were a main provider of fur pelts, and were decreasing in amount within Europe, due to the high demand and mass production of these fur pelts in Europe. This relates to why the Europeans were very motivated to trade with Canadians, as these fur pelts would have been of high value and demand in Europe, creating a boost in the economy and profit for the merchants. In Europe around 1600, North American fur was also seen as of higher quality than European fur, thus concluding that in many ways North American fur was of a greater value and ‘superior’ to fur originating in Europe. These were main reasons that
"Conflict and Change." Exploration, the Fur Trade and Hudson's Bay Company - History. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. .
Forsythe, Mark. The Trail of 1858 : British Columbia’s gold rush past. Canada: Harbour Publishing Co. Ltd., 2007.
The mighty Columbia had proven useful in transporting logs to the port in the Puget Sound. The successful Fort Vancouver sawmill constituted the only timber exploitation resource in the Pacific Northwest for over a decade. As the industry became more and more profitable, the inevitable happened, and the Americans came to the Northwest.
Next, the location was perfect for the trade. It was close to the Mississippi river where trading ports were located. Third, there are many resources such as gold, fertile soul, and water. Finally, the American settlers had old grudges with the Native Americans due to the fact that they sided with the British during the Revolutionary War and slaughtered many American colonists. For many reasons, the American settlers wanted Indian land for their own gain.
Martel, Lynn. “History Glitters in Yukon; Lure of the Klondike Gold Rush Continues to Draw Conclusions to the North.” The Vancouver Sun April 28, 2012. ProQuest. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
For the purposes of this discussion we will focus on the lives of the Inuit. The Inuit are a group of people often mischaracterized as Eskimos. They lived in the area of central and northeastern Canada and Greenland. There has been much discussion of the orignination of this group of people but the most recognized theory is that they crossed from northern Asia across thin bridge of land over the Bering Strait sometime around 6000-2000 BC. Many people mistakenly think that the Inuit and Native Americans are one in the same. It seems that the Inuit most likely came from Asia more likely than the Native Americans. Although both probably came to the Americas through the Bering Strait. Biological, cultural and dialect differences show the different origin. Much of this theory is supported due to the close resemblance of the Inuit to the Mongoloid races of Eastern Asia. Because of the harsh land and climate of the Arctic, this area was probably one of the last regions to be inhabited making the Inuit on of the earth’s younger cultures.
Arctic hares have unusual habits that help protect them from cold environment and predators. Sometimes they huddle in large groups, hundreds of them, keeping their bodies close together for warmth and it’s harder to attack if together. If a hungry wolf or arctic fox happens to surprise the group, the hares scatter into different directions and confuse their predators with their speed and numbers so they have a greater chance of surviving/getting away. At rest, arctic hares appear smaller than they actually are. They sit on their legs and flatten their ears to conserve their body heat. Unlike hares that live in warmer regions the Arctic Hare has relatively short ears; which have developed that way to limit its body's exposure to the cold.
Each different frontier had a different affect on people and the way they lived life. The trading frontier created and established good and bad relationships with the natives. The Norsemen, Vespuccius, Verraconi, Hudson, and John Smith all trafficked furs and other goods to Native Americans. They trafficked goods all the way from Maine to Georgia, which then led to the opening of river courses to trade farther in the continent. After getting involved in the trading, native power was being undermined by making them dependent on the whites "Turner p.25".
Aboriginal women had occupied an essential position in the fur trade of the North American region from its birth during the 17th and 18th centuries. Even though this is true, the role of women, especially those of the Native American society, has been ignored a great deal in the entire history of fur trade. Contrary to the belief that the whole fur trade activity was only male-dominated, it very much depended upon Native women and their participation and labor in order to ensure survival as well as economic success. This paper will attempt to illuminate how Native women played the role as important producers when it comes to fur trade of the American Plains and, of course, the Canadian region. This paper will also deal with the two important company's namely the North West and Hudson's Bay Company and tell how each functioned during the time of fur trade. The term “fur traders” is the term often used to described anyone who was interested in the traffic of furs. The traditional picture has been that of a male in buckskin shirt and a raccoon cap, dispensing alcohol and trinkets to gullible savages, in turn for the quality furs worth 10 times their value.