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Effect of bilingualism
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Bilingualism and its effects
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Topic: French language in Quebec: still under threat
This research paper will be looking into and discussing, whether or not the French language in Quebec is still under threat. This project will discuss the existence of a threat to French language, and its culture. Also look into possible reasons why people may believe that there is a threat or not.
According to research conducted after the 1995 referendum, a large number of Quebecers, who speak French, believe that there is a real threat to the language. This is due to the fact that in the early 90s, francophones were the majority of people in Quebec, but that in the late 90s, they started to become the minority, which obviously scared a lot of people. By looking into more research as to why the population of French-speakers was decreasing, mostly in Montreal, it was found that as Montreal is a big, multicultural city, there are a lot of immigrants coming in, and dominating over the francophones. But this doesn’t explain why francophones are being replaced so rapidly. Looking into the population of French-speakers throughout the province on Quebec, it was found that the reason for the decrease in francophones in Montreal, is that many franchonphones are moving to the outer cities, which could mean that the French language threat which people perceive is due to people moving around, and not due to the decrease of French-speakers.
Moreover, many tools were created in Quebec by governments to insure that they’re perceived threat to the French language would be stopped or slowed down. One of these tools is Bill 101. In 1977, Rene Levesque, implemented Bill 101 as a way of controlling the reduction in the use of French within Quebec. This Bill added many restrictions on the use o...
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...s that I will be looking into, and also what I will use to look at the French language and its change in Quebec.
• "French Language in Quebec and is it changing?." - Online Party of Canada. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. .
This link looks into, should the charter of French language be repealed in Quebec? I will be using this, as it bring up important points and facts which will be useful to back up points.
• "Rebelling against Quebec's 'language police'." BBC News. BBC, 5 June 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2014. .
This following article explains the point of view that people are rebelling against Quebec’s language police. This rebelling can be seen as a threat, and therefore will be used as a point of threat, and the impacts that it has on the language in Quebec.
Au Canada on compte probablement plus de 60 langues autochtones. La plupart des autochtones possède l’anglais ou le français comme langue maternelle et parlent à la fois une langue autochtone, d’autres n’ont qu’une connaissance passive de leur langue ancestrale. On estime qu’au moins 80 % des langues autochtones du Canada seraient actuellement en voie d’extinction. Les efforts menés pour sauver les langues autochtones sont cruciaux pour la protection de l’identité culturelle et la dignité des membres des Premières Nations du Canada ainsi que pour garder de leur héritage.
Bélanger, Claude. "The Official Languages Act of Canada - Studies on the Canadian Constitution and Canadian Federalism - Quebec History." .Marianopolis College, Nov. 2005. Web. 02 Apr. 2014.
Since Wilfrid Laurier is a francophone prime minister, the help he brought to unify English and French speakers was significant. His action of compromising French and English in Canada allows the two cultures to come and prosper together. When Laurier finally triumphed in the 1896 election. The main issue at that period was the Manitoba School Question, a complex tangle of French and English language rights. The Manitoba Schools Question punched all the hot buttons of nineteenth century Canadian politics: it was a French-English issue, a Catholic-Protestant controversy, a conflict over the roles of the federal and provincial governments, and a struggle about the proper relationship between church and the state. It brought down a federal government and its shaky and ultimately short-lived resolution was a major defeat for French language and Catholic educational rights outside the province of Québec. So the action of compromising these two languages effectively solved the problem of disunion in the education system. The Balancing Act Wi...
Tensions were already high between English- and French-Canadians, especially after Ontario had stopped teaching French in Catholic Schools, and the conscription crisis only served to increase them.
Canada: The Quiet Revolution in Quebec The English-French relations have not always been easy. Each is always arguing and accusing the other of wrong doings. All this hatred and differences started in the past, and this Quiet revolution, right after a new Liberal government led by Jean Lesage came in 1960. Thus was the beginning of the Quiet Revolution.
Québec’s peculiar political and cultural status as a French-speaking and reluctant province of an English Canadian Confederation began to change with the rise of a militant independence movement in the 1960s and 1970s. … [Its] emergent cinema, although it never speaks with one voice, could be said to share, both implicitly and explicitly, in a common struggle … of exploring, questioning and constructing a notion of nationhood in the films themselves and in the consciousness of the viewer. … [This] has not resulted in a homogeneous notion of Québec, but one of contradiction, fragmentation and uncertainty. (Barrowclough 205)
Scholar Dominique Ryon, best known for her work in linguistics and anthropology at the University of Louisiana, focuses the following article on the topic of Cajun French language loss or rather, language revival in Louisiana. Her article is based on the very concept of language loss and/or death studies. Due to the reasons she mentions later in her article, Ryon prefers to focus on language revival as she has noticed clear holes in the research evidence used in the study of language loss. Ryon uses the theories of many well-known theorists such as Foucault, Bourdieu and Lafont to challenge scholarly articles written on language loss in Louisiana. Ryon organizes her article into clear, concise components in order to support her two main objectives
Canada is known by outsiders to be a very peaceful country. But if you ask any Canadian they well tell you that is unfortunately not the case. For there is a large ongoing conflict between Canadians. The conflict is between the French and the English, or more specifically between Quebec and the rest of Canada. As a result of this conflict, along with some wrongdoing and propaganda. Quebec has considered and has gone as far to hold referendums over Separatism (Surette,2014). Separatism is that the province of Quebec separates from the rest of Canada to form its own country. Which would have immense effects on indubitably Quebec but also the rest of Canada (Martin, 2014). This report will focus on the root causes and origin of Quebec Separatism, the current state of Quebec Separatism and finally how we as a society can act towards Quebec Separatism.
Quinlan, Don, Doug Baldwin, Rick Mahoney, and Kevin Reed. The Canadian Challenge. N.p.: Oxford University Press, 2008.
In this paper, I plan to take a deeper look at this situation and try to figure out what it would actually be like if Quebec was its own country. & nbsp ; & nbsp ; & nbsp ; & nbsp ; & nbs The premier of Quebec, Lucien Bouchard, has been attempting to separate from Canada for quite sometime. If he had it his way, this topic would be old news by now. His main problem is the Federalist, English speaking citizens of his province. They have been very vocal on their stance to stay apart of Canada. They have sent around several resolutions stating this.
government, t. p. (n.d.). Quebec Nationalism - Quebec History. Faculty.marianopolis.edu. Retrieved May 27, 2012, from http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/events/natpart4.htm
Since the very beginning of the colonization of Canada in the late 15th century, there has been a dispute and anger between the British and the French. This arguing is also present in the ongoing conflict between the French-speaking region of Quebec and the rest of Canada. The conflict has been discussed in the Canadian parliament and this is also the origin of the idea that Quebec should be an independent nation. The first part of the essay will cover the general history behind the dispute between Quebec and the rest of Canada. Then the essay will go on to discuss the positive and negative sides of a possible separation. The final part of the essay will compare the situation in Canada with the separation of Pakistan and East Pakistan in the 1970’s. Then go on to conclude whether or not a secession is possible for Quebec. Therefore, my research question is; is there a possibility that the province of Quebec could separate from the rest of Canada?
Each culture has its own distinct dialects, their own way of expressing how each society see’s the world. The language gives clues about what is important to the culture. Spoken French in Canada is distinct from the same language spoken in France. One of the differences is the profanity or swearwords spoken in French Canada. These words are the Sacres. This spoken profanity gives evidence to what the values of this society are because; the words are connected to their religious beliefs, pay tribute to their French roots, and highlight creativity in spoken language.
Clibbon, J. (2010, June 21). Re-examining the roots of Quebec’s ‘Quiet Revolution’. Retrieved 2 24, 2o11, from CBCNews. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2010/06/18/f-quebec-conradblack-interview.html
To commence this discussion, it is first essential to establish an understanding surrounding the role of language in relation to national identity. Theoretically, the more power language has in this relation, the more powerful language planning may be when creating a national identity. However, the role language plays in this respect is somewhat problematic to define and has proven to be a debatable topic among nationalists, sociologists and sociolinguists. For instance, May demonstrates that ‘sociological commentators, unlike sociolinguists, have generally been loath to apportion a prominent role to language in the explanation of minority ethnic and national identity claims’ (2001: 8). Consequently emulating distaste from sociologists to credit language with significant power in a national identity. In a similar sense, de Vries notes that, in relation to a language community, ‘social scientists have generally ignored the systemic properties of language’ (1991: 39), thus, concurrently suggesting with May, a disagreement from the social sciences over the role of language in terms of identity and national identity. Similarly, circa the French revolution, the concept