Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an unpaired number of electrons. Free radicals can be formed when oxygens interact with certain molecules. Once they are formed, free radical can start to make things go wrong. A main concern is the damage they can do when they react with DNA. Cells may function poorly or die if a free radical comes in contact with is. To prevent the damage a free radical can cause, the body uses antioxidants as a defense mechanism Antioxidants are compounds that have the ability to prevent or repair the damage caused by the process of oxidation. Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which molecules of a substance are broken down into atoms, where the atoms involved lose electrons. With losing electrons, free radicals
Ana-Mauríne Lara’s Erzulie’s Skirt positions the female body as the scene where lives are interconnected across history and as a dissertation of the human condition. Her protagonists, Micaela and Miriam, tell a story of love, struggle, and survival that echoes the historical significance of slavery and the Caribbean middle passage across time and space. Divided into several sections based on time and location, one particular period in Lara’s novel connects Micaela and Miriam’s experiences most closely with slavery as a whole. After a voyage across the Mona Strait as an attempt to escape from the conditions in the Dominican Republic, they find themselves captured, trapped in a brothel, and forced into prostitution. Many parallels can be drawn to interpret Lara’s use of the brothel as a metaphor for the slave ships used to travel across the original Middle Passage, including the comparable use of people as commodities, the specific imagery and language Lara uses, the historical narrative presented at the beginning of each section, and the larger themes in which identities were simultaneously stripped by oppression and also preserved within the context of community and spirituality.
Kool-aid was invented by a man named Edwin Perkins He was born in the state of Iowa but he eventually went to live in Nebraska. At about 1927 he invented Kool-aid He was inspired by the drink Fruit smack, but because he wanted to lower the cost of shipping he removed all fluids from the drink. This dry powder eventually became Kool-aid. However Kool-aid did not always go by the same name It was originally Kool-Ade but because Ade refers to juice he had to change it tho the name it has today. Eventually Kool-aid got their own mascot the cool-aid man (He often broke through walls), They also had a comic with 7 issues, along with the Atari 2600 came the “Adventures of Kool-aid Man”. Kool-aid can still be bought today and has manny flavors
Do you distinguish the man who was kidnapped twice and used as a slave? The man who helped the Pilgrims to survive the winter? In this essay you will learn about Squanto a man who was kidnapped twice in fifteen years in his life and abused from his friends. Learning about how to use a bow when he was six years old. He was Fired upon, and captured
In a healthy and young body, both antioxidants and the cell’s own repair capabilities work together to keep the cell intact. However, if the cell has become way too damaged for quite some time and cannot manage all the lesions created by free radicals, it can lose its ability to deal with the damages. This can also be referred to as the oxidative stress that the cells incur. Thus, they die quickly or begin replicating their damaged forms, and create a domino effect of the body gradually not being able to continue maintaining proper functioning
Oxidative stress is essentially defined as the imbalance in the equilibrium of antioxidants systems in the human body. Oxidative damage in aerobic organisms can be caused by certain molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These reactive species are ones that cause oxidative damage in biomolecules. In order to maintain equilibrium of these substances, the human body has various endogenous antioxidants and phase 2 proteins which have evolved to defend against any harmful effects of ROS or any other reactive species. In normal physiological conditions, a balance is maintained between the ROS production and their detoxification by the appropriate antioxidants and phases 2 proteins. (Uttara, Singh, Zamboni & Mahajan, 2009). Oxidative stress can occur due too many pathological conditions, when the balance of prooxidants and antioxidants is disturbed oxidative damage could accumulate in proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids. In severe cases these events can lead to cell death. The process can directly alter the antioxidant systems by either inducing or inhibiting the proteins which take part in these systems. Moreover it can also cause the depletion of storage of antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamin E and many more in cells. (Thomas 2006). Antioxidants are defined as any substance which has the ability to inhibit, reduce or repair the damage as a result of an ROS in a biomolecule. The general three mechanisms that are used by antioxidants include the inhibition of ROS generation, the repair of damage induced by ROS and scavenging for ROS molecules. Since ROS plays a precarious role in both physiology and pathophysiology in the human body, it is vital that the endogenous antioxidants and phase prote...
The chemical history of trinitrotoluene, other wise known as TNT, Trotyl, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, 2-Methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, and C7H5N3O6, was first made in 1863 by Joseph Wilbrand, a German chemist born in Gießen, or Giessen, on August 22, 1839 and died on June 22, 1906 (he was 66 and two months from turning 67). at the age of around 25. He had created TNT, or trinitrotoluene by putting toluene, which is C7H8, through the process of nitration. 130 mg/L TNT is soluble in water at 20˚C. The steam pressure of it, at 20˚C, is 150 Pa to 600 Pa (about 0.001 atm. to about 0.006 atm.). When the TNT explodes, it travels 6700 to 7000 (usually meters per second, at a density of 1.6 grams per centimeter cubed. In a Lead (Symbol: Pb) block test, TNT’s result is 300 milliliters /10 grams. The sensitivity to impact is 15 newton meters, the same as about 11 pound
The Ancient Egyptian Goddess Hathor Introduction Out of 2,000 gods Hathor is the only one that has 5 roles in Ancient Egypt. Hathor has many roles as the goddess of love in Ancient Egypt. Hathor has a very popular goddess but she had another form in ancient Greek mythology. Yes she had a big job but she also was chosen to be the guardian of women and infants.
Antioxidants are substances that stable enough to prevent or retard the oxidation of easily oxidisable biomolecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA, thus preventing oxidative damage (Lobo et al. 2010). Antioxidants can be classified into two classes, according to their action, into primary or chain breaking antioxidants and secondary or preventative antioxidants. Primary antioxidants, when present in low concentration, can either delay or inhibit the lipid oxidation by reacting with a lipid radical or peroxyl radicals. Secondary antioxidants on the other hand, retard the rate of oxidation by chelating of metal ions or quenching of singlet oxygen (Amalia et al. 2005). These antioxidants are widely used as food additives in foods, especially those with high lipid content, to protect against oxidative degradation, maintain nutritional quality and increase the shelf life of the food.
It has been legal to craft wine at home since the end of prohibition, and legal to craft beer since 1978. However, it is still illegal to distill spirits for beverage purposes without going through the government ruckus to have the drinks legalized. When it comes to popularity making moonshine is easy so of course it is popular. Making any alcoholic beverage is simple, primarily because the yeast does all the work. When it comes to making moonshine the process is especially easy, you run it through a still that makes all the fragile complementary flavors really worth noticing. The liquor could be produced and sold rapidly since it didn’t entail years of aging in barrels.
The antioxidant system plays an effective role in protecting testes and other biological tissues below a critical threshold of reactive oxygen species (ROS) thus preventing testicular dysfunction (Oschsendorf, 1999). ROS mediated oxidative stress is one of crucial reasons of infertility and decreased sperm viability and increased level of free radicals may cause degener...
Teratogens was a term that I learned in lesson 2.02. A teratogen “is a name given to any chemical, disease, or other environmental factor that can harm a developing embryo or fetus”. It can have major negative effects on the baby because it is constantly developing and can affect its organs and external appearance. For example, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or FAS is considered to be teratogen. The way this applies to my life is because I have always and still do find interest in a child's development. I want to work with children with special needs like autism and down syndrome. Although I know that most disabilities come from gene mutations, I want to work with disabilities beyond just genetic mutations. More examples of teratogens
I have been avoiding writing this post. There is something about the first discovery that is more difficult to discuss than any other subsequent discovery. It is deeply personal, and even though it has almost been 11 years it is like a movie that I have seen & re-live just about every day since. As the years have gone on, my view of that day changes. I can watch it more detached than in the initial years. This my attempt to re tell that day as best as I can.
The body normally guards itself by releasing glutathione, that is a powerful detoxifier and antioxidant. L-glutathione guards your body by neutralizing the free-radicals that enter it and by boosting the immune system. Health issues from the typical cold to cancer can be the result of having a low-level of anti-oxidants like glutathione in the body. In addition, as one ages, the body can no longer produce glutathione efficiently, that makes that person more vulnerable to health problems.
The hydroxyl radical is the most important reactive species responsible for the destruction of the organic pollutant.
...y are meant to do so. Other theories such as the free radical theory have more scientific evidence. A molecule produced by the digestive system, specifically originating in the mitochondria [Nelson, Nathan C. Nelson Department of Physics, Ohio State University]. These rogue radical molecules can destroy healthy cells, which contributes to the death of the entire organism. There are some older theories that date further back, such as the “Error and Repairs Theory, [Dr. Leslie Orgel, Salk Institute], which theorizes that through the process of cell division, too many deoxyribonucleic acid errors are produced for the organism to continue carrying out all life processes.