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Background studies about management theories
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However, it is needless to say that management cannot be fully explained using simple words as management is a complicated concept; it has various definitions given by different theorists.
On the first place, why does management exist? Management exist mainly because of the exist of business i.e. usually refer to an ‘organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers, involved different directors’ (Successful business management, 1986, p.26), as well as employees and different production stages.
Why are there various definitions when they all have similar functions? This is because “internal management skills may be very satisfactory for one business sector, but inappropriate for another. (Successful business management, 1986, p.17) As a result, many theorists gave their views, as an organizational function, and as a subject of academic research and study.
When management is mentioned, it is difficult to ignore the view of Frederick Taylor, as he is being viewed as ‘the father of scientific management’ and he was ‘an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency.’(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor).
Frederick Taylor’s view is refer to the scientific management, he focused on the relationship between workers and production systems. He also developed a theory of organizations which ‘altered the personalized autocracy which had only been tempered by varying degrees of benevolence, such as in the Quaker family businesses of Cadbury's and Clark's.’ (http://www.accel-team.com/scientific/scientific_02.html)
In 1881, Taylor turned his attention to shoveling coal. By experiment, he was able to ‘design shovels that would permit the worker to shovel for the whole day. ...
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...as actually not theoretical enough. In fact, there are many other types of managers, for example first-line manager, they might actually do things different from executive managers.
In fact, in my opinion, the theories of practitioners and academics can correct at the same time, as these theories are not two competing views, knowing that management can be viewed and explained in many ways. However, as mentioned above, it would be reasonable to say theories of practitioners like Fayol’s are more effective and efficient is the business world than the theories of academics, as managers ‘should do to be effective and efficient.’ (Pryor & Taneja, 2010, p. 497), the theories of practitioners for example Fayol’s are more all-around in general, and his principles are being viewed as ‘lighthouses to managerial action.’(The Evolution of Management Thought, Wren, 1994, p. 193)