Difference between Effective Management and Effective Leadership
Judy Short
Principles of Management
April 13, 2014
Difference between Effective Management and Effective Leadership
Introduction:
What is the difference between management and leadership? It is a compelling question that is often asked and also answered in many different ways. Management and leadership are very different skills. The key difference between managers and leaders can be identified in the way they motivate the people who work or follow them. Managers have subordinates, utilize an authoritarian / transactional style, are work focused, and seek comfort. Leaders have followers, utilize a charismatic / transformational style, are people focused, and seek risk.
What is Management:
“Management is the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals. Good managers do those things both effectively and efficiently.” (Bateman & Snell, 2004). Management contains four basic functions; planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. By using these four functions, one can create an organization both successfully and proficiently. Planning is specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals. Planning sets the stage for actions and for major achievements. Organizing is assembling and coordinating the human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals. Organizing attracts people to the organizations, specifying job responsibilities, grouping jobs into work units, marshaling and allocating resources, and creating conditions so that people and things work together to achieve maximum success. Leading is directing, motivating,...
... middle of paper ...
...In Too Many Bosses, Too Few Leaders, (Pashawaria, 2011) the author asks the question, “Of all the bosses you’ve had in your career, how many would you call truly great leaders? For the purpose of this question, a great leader is someone who inspired you to show up every morning and do your best possible work, someone who made you believe in yourself, someone who genuinely cared about your success, and someone whom you wanted to follow willingly.”
An argument could be made for one position over the other but based on my research and personal experience, I am of the opinion that it is the leader not the manager who is the most valuable asset of an organization. Managers, although effective in their own right, cannot buy your heart. In the end, when it becomes time to follow someone down a difficult, dark path into the unknown, I want to follow a leader.
Whether in businesses, governments, communities, organizations and even relationships, a form of leadership or management exists. The difference between the two positions can be simply put as, in management you manage things and materials,
Management is defined as the act or manner of managing, handling, direction, or control (dictionary.com). Leadership is defined as an act or instance of leading; guidance; direction (dictionary.com). They do not mean the same thing; however, it is thought that a manager should have leadership skills to be able to manage an organization. Not all managers have great leadership skills and just because a manager does not have these skills does not mean he or she is a bad manager.
In a firm, management and leadership are important and needed. Leadership and management are similar. Actually, leadership and management are totally different. The leadership would influence the firm. The leader would have difference leadership styles to lead the subordinate.
Management is the ability to get a job done using appropriate processes, models and systems to achieve an objective. Managers think radically, abide by principles, rules and use experience in their respective fields to make things work. A good manager goes about the ordinary activities such a staffing, organizing, planning (Robert, 2007). The very ability of his/her colleague to discover the uniqueness in each of the subordinates, capitalize on it, harnessing the best out of them to accomplish goals clearly distinguishes such a person as great when compared to others. Great managers develop people and enthusiastically transfer acquired skills to others, work progress is constant and usually by leaps and bounds. In addition, a great manager outlines and strategizes his/her team for project plans such that there is a “buy in” on delivered commitments. In contrast, the former just transfers the required skills to subordinates; work progress is notable, vice versa of the latter. Rupert Murdoch of the News Corporation is ...
Leadership is the ability to influence employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals. Leadership is vision, enthusiasm, love, trust, passion and consistency. Management is to pursue organizational goals efficiently and effectively by integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizations resources. Leadership and management are not the same. They are not interchangeable. Leadership is coping with change and management is coping with complexity (Williams 444).
The phrase “leader” versus “manager.” is used to show and compere how Leading is related to managing, Bennis and Nanus (1985:21) help us understand the broader role of supervision in their discussion of management and leadership: “To be a manager is to bring about, to accomplish, to have charge of, responsibility for, to conduct. Leading, on the other hand, is influencing, guiding in direction, course, action, opinion.” They go on to say that managers are people who “do things right,” and leaders are people who “do the right things.” Managers are more efficiency driven and focus on mastering routine activities, while leaders are driven by vision and judgment. Managers tend to be bean counters, while leaders focus on achieving desired results.
Presently many of us have learned that managers are primarily administrators who have learned to write business plans, utilize their resources and keep track of progress. We must learn that we are not limited by job title, and that means we can utilize our management skills in any position that we are in. We must also know that we can use our leadership skills in the same situations. On the other hand we have also learned that leaders are people who have an impact on those that surround them. The main difference that separates these two roles is that management is a function that must be utilized in any type of business, and leadership is the relationship that the leader has with his followers, which in turn can motivate and energize the organization.
Managers in all organization engage in four basic function. These functions are generally referred to as Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling (Irving et al., 2009, p.35). A manager’s success is determined mostly by how well the organization functions and achieve its goals. These goals can only be achieved when the manager functions well in his position by organizing and coordinating the activities of the organizations efficiently and effectively with and through other people.
The process of their working is different but sometimes they work together. Managers are maintaining the organization structure and status. On the other hand leaders are setting goal, direction, find new ways and challenging. Manager’s activities depend on human, time, money and equipment included decision making, problem solving, planning, budgeting, controlling, discipline etc. Leader’s activities depending and leading on inspiring and empowerment included inspiration, motivation, team work, make relationships, teaching and couching etc.
There are several differences between leadership and management leadership involves individuals who understand and trust in a vision and who work to accomplish the goals. While management is overseeing the day-to-day activities and ensure they are running smoothly. Management offers order and regularity throughout an organizations and leadership creates change and movement. Management seeks out order and stability while leadership is about seeking adaptively and construction change. Difference between leadership and management involves the approach that is used towards the individuals who follow the leader or work for the
Planning involves establishing the organizations strategy and deciding how to best allocate and use resources to achieve organizational goals. Through organizing, managers establish a structure of relationships that dictates how members of an organization work together to achieve the organization's goals. Leading involves encouragement from managers for workers to do a good job and coordinate individuals and groups so that everyone is working to achieve the organizations goals. (George & Jones, 2005)
"In everyday language usage, management refers to the people in organizations who manage, and to the activities they perform." (Fulop, Frith, Hayward 1992 p. 187) To be more specific, management is the process of organizing work activities with and through people to ensure the activities are completed efficiently and effectively (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter 2006, p. 9). Through management, the goals of the organization or business are to be achieved. Henri Fayol, one of the most influential contributors to modern concepts of management, proposed that there are five primary functions for management, which consist of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. Nonetheless, the functions of commanding and coordinating have metamorphosed into leading (Crainer 2003).
Management can be simply defined as ¡§getting things accomplished through other people¡¨. Management is then the term describe the work done by the manager, which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling the use of human and other resources, in order to help the organization to achieve a higher organization performance. Planning is to define to goals or targets of the organization and devising action plans to meet organization goals. Organizing is to determine what tasks should be done, arrange jobs to subordinates, controlling the budgeting and divided tasks to individuals or teams. Leading is to motivate staffs to work, maintaining the progress of activities and good relationship and to ensure to work done effective and efficient. Controlling is to measure work performance, assess whether goals have been met, compare the set targets, and make corrections when it is needed
An organisation is a deliberate arrangement of team consisting different personal identities to accomplish some specific goals and managers are the ones who hold the responsibility of mastering and placing them together to strive for that purpose (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, and Coulter, 2008). Robbins et al. (2008) have stated that managers are people who coordinate and oversee the work activities of others so that the goal is accomplished effectively and efficiently. Managers usually possess qualities such as having strong communication skills, flexibility, imagination, enthusiasm, problem solving skills, and of course the desire to be a great leader (Phdinmanagement.org, 2014). The structure of management conducted by a manager is often influenced by the four functions introduced by Henri Fayol (planning, organising, leading, controlling); how Henry Mintzberg’s management roles play in the organisation and also the three essentials management skills proposed by Robert L. Katz (Robbins et al., 2008).
Management is vital for any organisations regardless of the size and the types of the organisations. In general, management is defined as “the application of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives.” (John M. Ivancevish and Thomas N. Duening, 2007)