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Importance of artificial intelligence
Importance of artificial intelligence
Importance of artificial intelligence
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Being an “expert” means having a special knowledge or ability that allows you to perform actions skillfully, and at a higher level of confidence. It means having an extensive and task-specific skill learned from training, doing, and flat out experience. Knowing the facts, theories, and procedures about a general problem area is defined as being skilled in that area. A new subset of artificial intelligence was created with the definition of expert in mind. Early work with artificial intelligence was focusing too much on methods of search and heuristics which limited the search for solving problems. With much success, in 1978 some remarkable people at Stanford University designed a system called DENDRAL. It uses a chemist’s knowledge to find out what a chemical substance is. This was the birth of what we now call an “Expert System”.
An expert system is defined as “a program that attempts to mimic human expertise by applying inference methods to a specific body of knowledge” (Darlington). “It is also said to be defined as an interactive computer based tool that will use both heuristics and facts to solve hard problems, based on the knowledge received from an expert”(myreaders.info). The power of computers has exponentially grown to the point of infinite possibilities. This allows us to utilize them for increasing demanding tasks that can make life easier. An expert system does just that; it allows for computers to make automated decisions without human intervention or labor input. The field of artificial intelligence is right where these systems stem from, but differs in many ways from other artificial intelligence based methods like genetic algorithms. For one, like genetic algorithms, traditional computer software will use an alg...
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... system as a declarative format so the expert system can understand and interpret it.
These people are inputting into the system while there are others who will use the system, which are called users. Knowledge engineers don’t have to just have the tech knowledge to code the system; they need to also have a creative ability. Being creative allows them to not just focus on the raw knowledge of the subject, but rather create an intelligent structure of that knowledge. The knowledge engineer most often works directly with the domain expert when creating a system. The reasons behind this relationship are simple; the domain expert provides the knowledge that is needed to be represented in the system. Structuring the reasoning correctly in the system is a must, which is why the engineer closely watches the domain experts’ decisions as they solve a question on their own.
The official foundations for "artificial intelligence" were set forth by A. M. Turing, in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" wherein he also coined the term and made predictions about the field. He claimed that by 1960, a computer would be able to formulate and prove complex mathematical theorems, write music and poetry, become world chess champion, and pass his test of artificial intelligences. In his test, a computer is required to carry on a compelling conversation with humans, fooling them into believing they are speaking with another human. All of his predictions require a computer to think and reason in the same manner as a human. Despite 50 years of effort, only the chess championship has come true. By refocusing artificial intelligence research to a more humanlike, cognitive model, the field will create machines that are truly intelligent, capable of meet Turing's goals. Currently, the only "intelligent" programs and computers are not really intelligent at all, but rather they are clever applications of different algorithms lacking expandability and versatility. The human intellect has only been used in limited ways in the artificial intelligence field, however it is the ideal model upon which to base research. Concentrating research on a more cognitive model will allow the artificial intelligence (AI) field to create more intelligent entities and ultimately, once appropriate hardware exists, a true AI.
In programming, computer engineers instruct computers how, to do their jobs or desired functions line by line. There are many forms of computer software engineers. There are computer applications software engineers who analyse user needs and designs and then build, maintain, or perfect specialized utility systems or applications already within the system. Computer applications engineers have a multitude of computer programming languages they have to use on a daily basis. Generally the favorite languages used are C, C++, and Java. The less popular languages that are used are Fortran and COBOL. Software engineers may also also develop packaged systems, systems software, or even create personalized applications. Computer systems software engineers are responsible for designing the maintenance and construction of a company's computer systems, while also planning the systems future growth. Computer systems software engineers analyse the needs of each specific department while working with a company and advise the company on which technical direction to follow. Computer systems software engineers often help set up the technical systems of the company within the departments. The computer systems software engineers will also sometimes set up the companies intranets systems. Specifically the ones that link the company's computer systems with the organization and make communications between departments run faster and smoother. Computer
A case referring to the beneficial use of the expert systems in the health sector was the attempt of the LDS Hospital in Salt Lake city,Utah to build “ the most complex artificial intelligence system ever created'; according to the words of DR David Classen.Its name was AIC or “Antibiotic Computer Consultant'; and it was part of HELP(Health Evaluation through Logical Processing), which was LDS’s hospital information system. The latter was existed, before the implementation of the Expert System.
"My name is Dorothy," said the girl, "and I am going to the Emerald City, to ask the Oz to send me back to Kansas."
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
Scientists claim that devices with Artificial Intelligence will replace office workers during next 5 years (Maksimova).According to this statement it is possible to say that AI has a great influence on humanity. Pursuant to Oxford Dictionary Artificial Intelligence or AI is the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages(dictionary).Firstly, this research will analyze positive and negative impacts of development of Artificial Intelligence on economic sphere. Then, author going to discuss social effects of Artificial Intelligence. After the considering all perspectives that link to this topic, the last step will be to draw a conclusion.
Imagine asking your computer to do something in the same way you would ask a friend to do it. Without having to memorize special commands that only it could understand. For computer scientists this has been an ambitious goal; that can further simplify computers. Artificial Intelligence, a system that can mimic human intelligence by performing task that usually only a human can do, usually has to use a form of natural language processing. Natural language processing, a sub-field of computer science and artificial intelligence, concerns the successfully interaction between a computer and a human. Currently one of the best examples of A.I.(Artificial Intelligence) is IBM 's Watson. A machine that gained popularity after appearing on the show
A Decision Support System (DSS) is an information system at the management level of an organization that combines data, analytical tools, and models to support semistructured and unstructured decision-making. A DSS can handle low volume or massive databases optimized for data analysis. DSS has more power than other systems. They are built explicitly with a variety of models to analyze data or they condense large amounts of data into a form where they can be analyzed by decision-makers. DSS are designed so that the user can work with them directly. In the proceeding paragraphs I will give examples of some decision support systems and how they are being used.
There are expert systems that can solve complex problems that humans train their whole lives for. In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue defeated the world champion in a game of chess (Karlgaard, p43). Expert systems design buildings, configure airplanes, and diagnose breathing problems. NASA's Deep Space One probe left with software that lets the probe diagnose problems and fix itself (Lyons).
It is a type of artificial intelligence program that imitated the analytical skills and understanding of human experts. By 1985, the artificial intelligence market had come up to one billion dollars; moreover, around the same time, Japan’s fifth generation computer project motivated the British and American government to bring back funding for artificial intelligence. Unfortunately, the artificial intelligence market fell back into disrepute which started with the fall of the Lisp Machine market. Additionally, this was a much longer “AI winter”. Soon, in the late 1900s and in the beginning of the 21st century, artificial intelligence was starting to be utilized for data mining, medical diagnosis, and in other areas as well as logistics. All this success was because of the increasing computational power, new relationships between other fields and artificial intelligence, higher significance on answering specific issues, and a commitment by researchers to scientific standards as well as mathematical methods. For example, on May 11th, 1997, Deep Blue (an IBM computer) was the first computer that played chess and it beat the ruling world chess champion at that time, Garry Kasparov. This was the beginning of an amazing discovery, artificial intelligence. Faster computers, able to obtain huge amounts of information, and statistical and advanced methods allowed progress in perception and machine learning. By the midyear of 2010, machine learning programs were utilized in the entire world. For example, Watson (IBM’s question answering system) beat Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter, the two greatest champions of Jeopardy, in a Jeopardy exhibition match by huge amounts. Another example is of the Kinect. It gives a 3D body-motion interface for the Xbox One and the Xbox 360 using algorithms that surfaced from long artificial research. Soon, 2015 came. According to
Artificial neural networks are systems implemented on computer systems as specialized hardware or sophisticated software that loosely model the learning and remembering functions of the human brain. They are an attempt to simulate the multiple layers of processing elements in the brain, called neurons. These elements are implemented in such a way so that the layers can learn from prior experience and remember their outputs. In this way, the system can learn to recognize certain patterns and situations and apply these to certain priorities and output appropriate results. These types of neural networks can be used in many important situations such as priority in an emergency room, for financial assistance, and any type of pattern recognition such as handwritten or text-to-speech recognition.
Artificial Intelligence is the scientific theory to advance the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines. This is going to hold the key in the future. It has always fa...
Artificial intelligence is defined as developing computer programs to solve complex problems by applications of processes that are analogous to human reasoning processes. Roughly speaking, a computer is intelligent
Artificial Intelligence “is the ability of a human-made machine to emulate or simulate human methods for the deductive and inductive acquisition and application of knowledge and reason” (Bock, 182). The early years of artificial intelligence were seen through robots as they exemplified the advances and potential, while today AI has been integrated society through technology. The beginning of the thought of artificial intelligence happened concurrently with the rise of computers and the dotcom boom. For many, the utilization of computers in the world was the most advanced role they could ever see machines taking. However, life has drastically changed from the 1950s. This essay will explore the history of artificial intelligence, discuss the
Humans can expand their knowledge to adapt the changing environment. To do that they must “learn”. Learning can be simply defined as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught. Although learning is an easy task for most of the people, to acquire new knowledge or skills from data is too hard and complicated for machines. Moreover, the intelligence level of a machine is directly relevant to its learning capability. The study of machine learning tries to deal with this complicated task. In other words, machine learning is the branch of artificial intelligence that tries to find an answer to this question: how to make computer learn?