Tara Hotchkiss
February 25, 2014
Child Development
MWF: 1pm-2:15pm
My 3 Articles on Exercise during/after Pregnancy.
1. Summary of all 3 articles: The common objective of all 3 of these articles, is to determine how a pregnant woman’s healthy exercising will affect the growing fetus and the mother during and after the birth. The other part of these experiments is to ask the mother’s beliefs of how exercise will affect their children. To prove or support these beliefs, experiments and studies were done mainly during the gestational period. Data that was collected was used as evidence to show mothers and other researchers how exercise during pregnancy will take its toll on the child later in life.
Another commonality of all three of these studies is the method which is: Empirical Studies. The definition of Empirical Studies is a study in which data is collected by direct or indirect experiences and/or observations (Bruns1).
2. Exploratory Analysis of Exercise Adherence Patterns with Sedentary Pregnant Women.
By: Yeo SeonAe, Associate Professor of Nursing
-What was the hypothesis of the study?
Exercise during pregnancy is a positive procedure as well as an important part of pregnancy. Exercise is important because not only does it help prevent risks of weight gain, diabetes, or preeclampsia for the child; but it also benefits the mother as well (NursingResearch7). To begin this study researchers describe exercise as a defined, planned, structured, and repetitive physical activity to improve or maintain physical fitness (Caspersen, Powell, & Christenson, 1985).
-Describe the research participants and sample.
Most of the women in this study were non-Hispanic White. The average was 31 ± 5 years of age with 15 ± 2 years of ed...
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...’s health.
Articles:
1. Yeo, S., Cisewski, J., Lock, E. F., & Marron, J. S. (2010). Exploratory analysis of exercise adherence patterns with sedentary pregnant women. Nursing Research, 59(4), 280-287. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181dbbd61
2. Evenson, K. R., & Bradley, C. B. (2010). Beliefs about exercise and physical activity among pregnant women. Patient Education and Counseling, 79(1), 124-129. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.07.028
3. Kirkby, R. J., Symons, A. M., & Greenwood, K. M. (2000). Advice about exercise for pregnant women. Journal of Family Studies, 6(1), 135-137. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/619461151?accountid=14556
Citations:
1. Bruns, Cynthia. "Empirical Research." Empirical Research. Paulina June & George Pollak Library at California State University, Fullerton, n.d. Web. 02 Mar. 2014.
Activity for this family could be better. The author saw no regular pattern of exercise. The mother said that she did go to the gym some but she did not seem to be very regular with it. The mother said that she tried to bike 6 miles earlier in the ye...
This helps the mother control weight gain as she tends to gain less weight in the first trimester. though, they had some differences in their vitamin intake as one mother took medication for prevention of malaria due to her surroundings, they both took the recommended vitamins and nutrition for healthy child development, such as vitamin B complex (folic acid), multivitamins, fruits, vegetables, and an increase intake of water to help with dehydration and constipation. They both exercised during their pregnancy, though their intensity was different. For instance, the first mother didn’t engage in any form of exercise until her second trimester due to her history of miscarriages. The sex exercise was the most shocking part for me as I believe it could potentially harm the baby if care is not taken, but she claimed it helps to prepare the birth canal for childbirth resulting in a less painful and strenuous delivery (Santrock,
The scientific method is how psychologists gain knowledge about the mind and behavior. It is used by all scientists. The experimental method is the one way to engage the scientific method, and the only way to find a cause and effect in relationships. It is summarized in five steps, observing some phenomenon in the world, forming a hypothesis which is an educated prediction about relationships between two or more variables, examining the gathered information by using empirical research, determining what the results are and drawing them, and evaluating the results whether it will support the hypothesis or not. Researchers, at the end, submit their work for publication for all to see and read (King, 2016). There are three types of psychological research in the scientific method, descriptive research, correlation, and experimental research (King, 2016). The article The Effects of Negative Body Talk in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of College Students (Katrevich, Register, & Aruguete, 2014) is an example of the experimental method.
Prenatal development is often overlooked, but it is an important topic that everyone is influenced by. Mothers’ actions during pregnancy greatly affect the child (for good or for bad). There are many factors to a baby’s development of the brain, intelligence, and emotions. What a mother puts into her body affects the baby’s development. How stressed the mother is also contributes to development. A mother’s job during pregnancy cannot be overstated, because she is the main protector and nurturer of the child in the womb. How she handles her own emotional and physical health will determine the development of the baby inside and outside of the womb. The decisions a pregnant woman makes affects not only her health, but the health of her child.
This article hasn’t provided an introduction; however a lengthy summary of the study which identifies the problem, purpose and rationale for the research study has been provided in the background. The introduction should give the reader a general sense of what the document is about, and preferably persuade the reader to continue reading. This prepares the reader for reading the rest of the document (Burns & Grove, 2001 p.636; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002).
... the end of your pregnancy, you often have trouble sleeping, and by exercising, it tires you and makes you work off extra energy so that you can sleep during the night. Exercise also assists in preparing you for childbirth by shortening labor, having fewer medical problems, and giving you endurance. I do not know any woman who would not appreciate those things.
Watson, P. & McDonald, B. (2007) Activity levels in pregnant New Zealand women: relationship with socioeconomic factors, well-being, anthropometric measures, and birth outcome. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism 32 (4), 733-742.
One of the primary prevention methods in maternal health is the utilization of prenatal care. During the provision of prenatal care, a healthcare provider counsels and discusses information with the expecting mother. Conversations about smoking and alcohol use, what to expect during pregnancy, when to seek help, and limitations on activities are put in place (Kirkham, Harris, & Grzybowski, 2005). Discussions about possible complications and potential warning signs are also an important part of prenatal education. Providing supplements, such as, calcium (1,000 to 1,300 mg per day), folic acid (0.4 to 0.8 mg), and iron (30 mg per day) to an expecting mother is also an important part of primary prevention, as they aid in the fight against blood pressure disorders, anemias, and defects in the unborn child (Kirkham, Harris, & Grzybowski, 2005). Additionally, the vaccination of expecting mothers has been shown to keep mothers and the unborn child healthy during pregnancy. Certain vaccinations, such as Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) and inactivated influenza vaccinations, have been shown to be protective to the fetus, as the mother’s antibodies against the disease are transferred to the unborn child (Esposito et al., 2012).
Physical exercise is an important part of maintaining a healthy pregnancy1 and the perfect path to faster postpartum weight loss2 and recovery. It is important to do some regular physical activity during pregnancy as a part of living a healthy lifestyle. In most cases, moderate physical exercise during pregnancy is safe and can have benefits for both the woman and her baby, and would not harm either of them. However, the pregnant woman should be aware of type of physical activity which should be done. The benefits may include some protection against developing heart diseases, Osteoporosis 4 , high blood pressure5 ,colon cancer and breast cancer. It also reduces risk of preeclampsia 35%10, gestational diabetes11 and preterm birth, as well as improves pain tolerance, lowers total weight gain5 and lessens fat gain6, and improves self-image13,14. It reduce chances of developing varicose veins, the likelihood of swelling of feet, ankles or hands, the chance and severity of anxiety or depression. It shortens labor and makes complications less likely during the delivery of the baby. It can make the baby more resilient during the birth process .Regular physical activity can also help to manage the healthy weight during and after pregnancy. Some women think that pregnancy is a time to sit back and put their feet up. Not so! For most women, it’s important to exercise during pregnancy. In fact, it has many health benefits both for the health of mother and the baby.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1996). Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
Exercise can benefit an individual in many ways. Through research I have found several articles which have been written throughout the years that address these benefits. Some of these benefits are to prevent diseases, to improve stamina, to strengthen and tone, to enhance flexibility, to control weight, and to improve quality of life. All of these benefits will be address throughout this paper. However, even though exercise does benefits an individual, it does also depends on their circumstances. For example, exercise can be done to help with a pregnancy and after a pregnancy, to control diabetes, and to help the brain function for achievement in school.
Weight loss, obesity, cardiovascular health, risk falls, and mental issues are just factors that commonly affect American citizens daily. Exercising has always been there ever since it was discovered, and it will continuously be accessible for everyone as the best solution to see real results. Clearly, exercising is the best choice to include in any regimes anyone may think of when trying to invest in their health. It benefits those citizens naturally with self confidence which leads them to live happily and avoid other life circumstances that general population may go through. As compared to other recommendations when choosing exercise being the best solution to health issues, it can definitely be challenging. Some may consider types of solution that are easy and gives immediate outcomes such as taking diet pills, diet supplements, or surgeries and if they are wealthy, they may even consider getting laser liposuctions. Yet, since these alternate ways are not done naturally, it may come back faster than they think and can still affect one's mental and physical health.Therefore, exercise is the best solution due to the fact that it’s a natural way of taking care of the human body. Through this process, anyone who will participate in exercise or physical activities will learn that it’s a journey. They will learn how strong they really are physically and mentally as a person. Exercising “ ‘provides
This study investigated the barriers and enablers of physical activity in various workplaces. Thematic analysis that ensued provided relevant clues into understanding workers’ plight in the workplace with regard to actively participate into physical activity. Sedentary behavior settled in with time, given the amount of hours workers spent at work daily. It was equally important to bring into light factors that influenced workers behaviors so they could inform recommendations about physical activity for workers’ moral, motivation, and keeping healthy.
It was my decision to discuss the various benefits of exercising because I believe that exercising has a huge difference on my quality of life. Regularly exercising boosts my energy levels and strengthens the cardiovascular system allowing me to live a more positive and productive lifestyle. The rates of obesity and overweight have drastically increased in America due to the lack of physical activity performed, thereby severely increasing unhealthy weight gain. People who are obese or overweight have also been observed to show signs of insomnia, anxiety, and depression. All of these health problems can be avoided by maintaining a physically active daily routine.