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Strengths and weaknesses of psychodynamic approach
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Wakefield, Daniel
Leebert, Robert
Engl, 1301
2/13/2018
Logotherapy Benefits Rough Draft
Bullying has had a major increase over the past years, resulting in a lack of sense of self-importance in many children. This can cause a multitude of problems such as suicide, psychological disorders like depression, and increased school dropout rates. Logotherapy is a psychotherapy, based on helping one find purpose in everyday life. By helping one find self-importance in life, it could potentially help people continue to push through tough times with issues like depression or bullying. Victor Frankl a neurologist and psychiatrist developed Logotherapy while in a nazi concentration camp observing many other slaves. Frankl took notice that the slaves around him that survived did not focus on what was happening to them at that moment but was focusing on the future and there purpose in life to continue to push through there troubles. Frankl survived through the camp by obtaining his meaning in life and focusing on life outside the camp. Thus came Logotherapy.
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From the most recent stats I could find, In 2015, around 16.1 million adults aged 18 years or older in the U.S. had experienced at least one major depressive episode in the last year, which represented 6.7 percent of all American adults. Depression was the leading cause of disability in the United States among people ages 15-44 “Depression.” Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA, adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/depression. By recommending Logotherapy to more clients it could also have an impact
A Man's Search for Meaning is a novel that aims to describe the lived experiences of those in concentration camps during World War II. Due to the relevance of the themes in the novel to occupational therapy (OT) practice, I believe A Man's Search for Meaning could be a useful, cost effective tool for an OT working in any therapeutic practice setting.
Logotherapy focuses on the unique situations a certain individual is facing, as each person responds to psychotherapeutic treatment differently. In fact, logotherapy itself is not a traditional form of psychotherapy. Logotherapy extends far beyond what traditional psychotherapy is able to treat (Costello 7). Rather than looking into the psyche of an individual, logotherapy looks deeper: It peers into the patient’s soul. In the book, Man’s Search for Meaning, Victor Frankl describes logotherapy as a “meaning-centered psychotherapy” (98). By this, Frankl means that rather than emphasizing the patient’s inner desires and thoughts, logotherapy seeks to help the individual find purpose in life.
prospect. In S. L. Garfield and A. E. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior
In Man’s Search for Meaning, Viktor Frankl utilizes his nightmarish experiences as a prisoner in a concentration camp to develop his philosophical and psychological theory, logotherapy. A significantly existential theory, logotherapy deals primarily with the importance meaning in life. Frankl notes meaning’s ability to “differ from man to man, and from moment to moment” (77). In other words, he posits the individuality of meaning and presents it as unique to each person. Additionally, Frankl establishes the significant importance of meaning to a person’s survival.
“Exiles are the highly vulnerable, sensitive parts of us that were most hurt by emotional injuries in the past.” Thereby, people attempt to disconnect from these painful emotions and memories in order to never experience them again. This leads to other inner entities becoming managers of those emotions. For example, a child that was abused by a family member in the middle of the night in their bedroom may as an adult be taken back to their sense of fear when their partner mistakenly awakens them in the middle of the night. Their managers would be activated to control the environment and suppress their feelings. However, “When the managers fail to control the exiled emotions, extreme behaviors emerge, such as addictions, binges, rages and anger, and Schwartz refers to them as firefighters.” This is where a conflict between married couples can emerge requiring intervention. The husband has no idea what his wife is feeling in that moment and believes her reaction or requirements are unrealistic. Yet through IFS therapy, the care seekers can come to acknowledge the real emotion at hand and as Schwarts says, “They stop berating themselves and instead, get to know, rather than try to eliminate, the extreme inner voices or emotions that have plagued them.” By addressing these emotions, clients can learn to lead themselves and see their
The book I read was called, Man’s Search for Meaning, by Viktor Frankl. Viktor Frankl was psychiatrist and philospher who lived through the nazi era, one of the most dehumanizing periods of history, came face to face with conditions that most people couldn’t deal with psychologically. He made the conclusion that the sort of person the prisoner becomes is the result of an inner decision and not the result of outside influences alone. Through observation (in concentration camps, and as a therapist), extensive research, and establishing a doctrine of principles that show the challenges of being human, Frankl developed the idea of logotherapy. Logotherapy is therapy through meaning, derived from the Greek word, logos. The most intriging thought in the book and shows how he faced the challenges may best be summed up in the phrase—“He who has a ‘why’ to live for can bear almost any ‘how’.”
The rapport and friendship built throughout this movie is vital to the success of the therapy exhibited here. This is a great example of Gestalt therapeutic approach and helps to identify most of the techniques incorporated. The techniques and ways of gently confronting but pushing a client all the way through are very beneficial to each viewer of this film.
Logotherapy focuses on one’s future, and psychoanalysis focuses on one’s past. As Dr. Frankl mentions in his book, logotherapy is, “less retrospective and less introspective.” In other words, psychoanalysis is more introspective about one’s current situation as well as retrospective about one’s past. All in all this means logotherapy is focused on finding meaning in the future and how this will benefit humanity, while psychotherapy is focused on the patient’s past. I prefer logotheraphy because it guides one in how to become as opposed to dwelling on one’s failures in the past. I also favor logotheraphy because it makes people understand they are responsible for their future.
One of the thoughts that came to my mind was my time in college when we learned about Gestalt Psychotherapy. I remember that my professors mentioned that one of their proposals on their intervention is that
Existential therapy focuses on the positive approach of looking at an individual as whole, incorporating multiple factors and tendencies to applaud human capacities and acknowledgement. Fridrich Nietzsche is a philosopher who is known as the founder of existential theory by theorizing that any individual can overcome any event or concern through internal wisdom and self powerment. In fact, I believe existential therapy is closely related and are similar to multiple approaches, such as the humanistic approach by looking at the concept of individuals having moral, internal ethical values which drives their behavior in a positive aspect. Due to this, existential therapy focuses on the good within individuals bringing out positive attributions
I am choosing to write about gestalt therapy. Gestalt’s founding theorists were Frederick (Fritz) S. Perls and Laura Posner Perls. In 1952 Fritz and Laura and other associates established the New York Institute for Gestalt Therapy. Gestalt theory is an existential, phenomenological and process-based theory made on the basis that people must be understood in the setting of their ongoing relationships with their atmosphere. Awareness, choice, and responsibility are the base fundamentals of the theory. Contemporary gestalt therapy is sometimes called relational gestalt therapy which stresses a dialogue and relationship between a client and a therapist must be had. Fritz is often seen in one of two ways, either people are in awe of him or find him tough and aggressively confrontational. Today’s gestalt therapists seek to be more supportive, accepting, respectful, dialogical, and empathic and challenging (Corey, 2013).
The psychoanalytic perspective (Erikson’s psychosocial stages), Sigmund Freud Ego or psychological defense mechanism, and behaviorism and social learning theory, are important to understanding adolescent bullying. In the psychoanalytic approach, development is discontinuous and as such occurs in stages where “people move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations, and how these conflicts are resolved depends on the person’s ability to learn, to cope with others and cope with stress” (Berk 2010, p.15). According to Sigmund Freud from this theory, individuals use a mechanism called psychological defense mechanisms which when they feel an overpowering anxiety, the ego employs to protect themselves against unwanted, scary feelings or weaknesses within their psyche or consciousness. The use of these defense mechanisms can be useful sometimes and also hurtful at other times to us and others, which emanates as aggressive behavior e.g. bullying [2]. Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development are important for understanding bully behavior. According to Erikson, a “basic psychological conflict which is resolved along a scale from positive to negative determines a healthy or maladaptive outcomes of each stage” [Berk 2010, p.16], in other words as the child grows and goes through each of the psychosocial stages, he or she negotiates new cognitive and emotional experiences which enables him or her to pass through the stage with either a positive or negative outcome. The effects and results of a negative outcome from the stages can be used to describe aggressive behavior such as bullying [Berk 2010, p.16]. According to the behaviorism and learning theory, they believed that b...
In 1950s America, the fields of psychology and psychoanalysis were beginning to be reexamined and expanded as more cases of mental distress and disorders were uncovered that no one knew how to treat. These cases could often related back to one main theme, which was unhappiness in one aspect of an individual’s life. This problem area could be home life, work, social status, or a number of other areas. No matter what the root of the problem, the issue always caused a person to feel inconsequential and their minds would spiral down a negative path until they were no longer, by society’s terms, sane. Existentialists, those who believe individuals should be responsible for developing how they want and when they want, viewed these allegedly crazy people as developing at their own pace. They did not believe, however, that these people were discovering the meaning of their life as they were, more often than not, unhappy with their lives. The existentialists believed that when one does not aim for a specific goal or yearn to find meaning in their life, they are not living their life the way it was intended. The existential view emphasized a person or individual being responsible for determining their development on their own terms and discovering the meaning in life. When the mind gets in the way, in cases such as psychopathy, it does not allow for the individual to discover the true meaning of their own life as their judgment may become clouded by their current state of mind. The mind has a great deal of power in the matter of deciding whether a person will succeed on the existential path or if they will go down the path of psychopathy. This power can do a person a lot of good but it may also cause them a lot of stress and harm ...
Today, the numbers of people with mental health issues are considerably high. The problem increases the national and global social and economic burdens as governments try to find means of empowering the people with the issue and solve the problem. Today, one in five adults in the United States has a mental health problem (“Mental Health Facts,” 2016). “Mental Health Facts” (2016) also states that the adults that received mental health services are about 60%. Only 50% of the youth with mental health issues received mental health services in the previous year. Further, mental health issues are also related to drug use and addiction. Of all the mental illnesses and disorders, depression affects the most people and has the biggest burden globally. Due to the increasing burden and the gap in service utilization, the mental health policy seeks to address several factors. Some of the key issues to address include early diagnosis of mental disorders, provision of appropriate and adequate intervention a particular problem, education and counseling for the family members, and research to help reduce the numbers and reverse the trend. Another key area of focus is the use of mass media to create awareness about mental health issues and help clear the
Depression is one of the most common psychological problems. Each year over 17 million Americans experience a period of clinical depression. Thus, depression affects nearly everyone through personal experiences or through depression in a family member or friend.