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Business ethics 10 laws
Ethical and legal issues in business
Bribery and unethical decision making
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Professor Nichols. “The list of countries that have been politically or economically crippled by corruption remains to develop, and businesses with continuing benefits abroad will ultimately be harmed by any plans that include bribery.”
Bribery and Corruption
Bribery and corruption are commonly thought of in relation to politics and governmental corruption. The truth is, bribery and corruption raise their ugly heads in a broad range of situations, from executive contracts, to gaining freedoms, services and nepotisms. Sports is another ground in which bribery and corruption commonly occur. Because the very nature of bribery and corruption is private, the general public absorbs only of those few schemes in which the parties have been caught.
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Sometimes they refer to this as their code of conduct. There aren’t always laws to govern things like ethics. Therefore, it is up to companies to define some of their ethical behavior
According to the International Labor Organization, “Different to labor law, business codes of conduct do not have any authorized definition. The concept “corporate code of conduct” refers to companies’ policy statements that define ethical standards for their conduct. There is a great variance in the ways these announcements are enrolled. Corporate codes of conduct are finally voluntary. They can take a number of formats and address any issue – workplace issues and workers’ rights being just one possible category. Also, their application depends entirely on the company worried.”
In performing their job duties, Amazon.com employees should always act lawfully, ethically, and in the best interests of Amazon.com. This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the "Code of Conduct") sets out basic guiding principles. Employees who are unsure whether their conduct or the conduct of their coworkers complies with the Code of Conduct should contact their manager or the Legal Department.
I. Compliance with Laws, Rules and
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The earliest impressions that the book makes on the mind of the reader is that “Corporate Social Responsibility” is not just about some kind of vague theories but supports all that it preaches with practical applications. Labelling the book as “a Bible for today’s corporate citizen”- as the publisher does on the flap of the book- may be stretching it a bit too far, but “Corporate Social Responsibility”, does provide thoughtful answers to a number of vital questions on how a corporation could do most good for itself and its
I believe that every company should encourage a relationship of trust, loyalty, honesty, and responsibility among staff members at all levels. It’s important that each staff member works together to achieve excellence in a business, so the code of conduct is put in place. The purpose of the code is to provide guidance and set common ethical standards for employees from the top of the food chain to the bottom of the food chain. Some of the areas that I find to be significant of importance in a business are sexual harassment, discrimination and simply being professional in a work environment.
Corruption is an individual and institutional process where there is a gain by a public official from a briber and in return receives a service. Between the gain and the service, there is an improper connection, (Thompson p.28). The two major categories of bribery is individual and institutional corruption. Receiving personal goods for the pursuit of one’s own benefit is personal fraud. An example of individual distortion is the financial scandal involving David Durenberger. Organizational corruption involves “receiving goods that are useable primarily in the political process and are necessary for doing a job or are essential by-products of doing it,” (Thompson p.30). An instance of institutional fraud is the Keating Five case. There are also times where there is a mixture of both individual and organizational corruption in a scandal. An example of this diverse combination is James C. Wright Jr. actions while he was the Speaker of the House.
Amazon has Corporate Governance, which includes a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. This code addresses twelve different aspects of their business including, compliance with laws, rules, and regulations, conflicts of interest, insider trading policy, discrimination and harassment, health and safety, price fixing, bribery, recordkeeping, and financial integrity, questions, periodic certification, board of directors, and waivers. Basic guiding principles of how their employees should conduct business in reference to these aspects are included in the descriptions. While these guidelines are kept quite brief, extra emphasis is placed on Conflicts of Interest. A heightened sense of concern is placed on whether employees use their personal benefits on family members or affiliates and if position in the company or relationships with outside affiliates interferes with employee’s objective business judgment. A common theme found throughout this code is an emphasis on cautionary business, including many laws that employees are expected to comply with to ensure that they do not interfere...
Corruption consists in the illegitimate agreement between a corruptor and a corrupted, in which they abuse of their public power in order to obtain personal benefit. Bribery and corruption is something that has been going on for years. According to Allen, “officials perceive themselves as immune to any penalties for demanding and receiving bribes” which she states that it is one of the main reasons for bribery and corruption in underdeveloped countries. According to Transparency International, an organization committed exclusively to end corruption, three of the most corrupt countries in the world are Somalia, North Korea and Afghanistan. This does not mean that corruption is only seen in underdeveloped countries. In international business, corporate employees often find themselves dealing with corruptors in foreign countries and, in most cases, they will give in.
For a company to be successful ethically, it must go beyond the notion of simple legal compliance and adopt a values-based organizational culture. A corporate code of ethics can be a very valuable and integral part of a company’s culture but I believe that it is not strong enough to stand alone. Thought and care must go into constructing the code of ethics and the implementation of it. Companies need to infuse ethics and integrity throughout their corporate culture as well as into their definition of success. To be successfully ethical, companies must go beyond the notion of simple legal compliance and adopt a values-based organizational culture.
The Code of Business Conduct serves as the primary means by which organization communicates its commitment to the ethical and legal conduct of its employees as well as to various stakeholders. The Code of Business Conduct is intended to provide an effective and comprehensive guidepost regarding the Company's expectation for ethical behaviour. The effective date of the Code of Business Conduct is August 2013, the date of distribution of the Code to all employees.
To provide an example of a breach of ethical conduct in the workplace, we may remember the case of a financial manager in a corporation that decided not to pay overtime to some employees. After a deep outside investigation, the company was summoned with thousands of dollars to remedy the payment that was supposed to be paid to all employees who worked more than forty hours per week. Again, it is needed more than just a booklet stating that the company adheres to the code of business ethics. It is needed serious managers that can run the company with the most seriousness as possible. Consequently, any written codes of business ethics, regardless of how well it has been crafted, need people that adhere to its internal content with a serious desire to do the right thing.
In present day all around the world, bribery involving the courts are a huge problem. Many people will bribe the judges to persuade the case in many ways. Others just want to have a better case for themselves. Many of the things that happen in bribery is the many elements to why it happens, why people do it, things put in place to solve the solutions, and what people want for later on.
The arguments for and against corporate social responsibility have captured two points of view. Those who believe that organizations should not be concerned about social responsibility base many of their arguments on the costs involved and whether organizations should shoulder those costs on behalf of society. And those who are in favor feel that organizations benefit from society and, therefore, have an obligation to improve it. Although there is no universal agreement, surveys and other reports express that many organizations are, becoming increasingly active in addressing social
Some people said that corruption is rampant in all governments, So that it is not unknown to any ethnic group, region and continent. It cuts across faiths, political systems, religious Denominations and affects both young and old people. Fraud can be found in public and authoritarian rule;...
Bribery is wrong, and it would be almost instinctive to point at the benefits of impartially functioning public servants and incorrupt corporations to our democratic society as justification. However, in this imperfect world where bribery is rife in varying degrees, is it possible to express this notion convincingly? Certainly 'because the UK Bribery Act says so' is far less persuasive to a council planning office in Shanghai than in London, and indeed in compliance with section 7 of the Bribery Act 2010 which relates to commercial offences, it is essential that this question is engaged with on a corporate scale and without assertion through dogma. Accordingly, this essay will argue that elements wrong with bribery are inclusive of both moral and economic considerations. Moreover, in conjunction with international mandates, advent of aggressive legislation such as that of the UK Bribery Act 2010 is representative of global efforts to eliminate bribery. Hence, it follows that bribery can never be considered a normal part of business because it is economically unsustainable in the long term.
This essay will attempt to explore the relationship between the two from the definitions, causes, consequences and the solutions. Corruption can be defined as the abuse of public power for private gain. (World Bank, 2004) Corruption is attracting a lot of attention around the world, and is a growing international and regional concern. According to Corruption Around the world (Tanzi, 1998), in its end-of-year editorial on December 31, 1995, The Financial Times characterized 1995 as the year of corruption.
While the concept of an individual having responsibility is commonly recognized, modern views have lead to the emerging issue of corporate responsibility. Business Directory.com defines corporate social responsibility as, “A company’s sense of responsibility towards the community and environment (both ecological and social) in which it operates. Companies express this citizenship (1) through their waste and pollution reduction processes, (2) by contributing educational and social programs, and (3) by earning adequate returns on the employed resources.” But such a concept has been much disputed since at least the 1970’s.
The existence of bribery and unethical behavior is rampant in the world market and may not change overnight. The question of bribery has been distilled in business literature as a question of ethics. In this situation at the airport with the customs officer, it is important to distinguish between business ethics and personal ethics. In a business ethics situation, the Foreign Corruption Practices Act would prohibit offering any bribe to the custom office – for example to free a shipment of goods that was lost in red tape (Pitman & Sanford, 2006). Most companies also have policies against bribery as well. In this situation, however the main issue at hand is that of personal ethics. When in a situation where your company is unknown and there is no business being conducted, normal business ethics and laws (including FCPA) do not apply only personal ethical standards.
Many companies have a code of ethics or better known as a policy statement. A code is a form