There are many circles where the countries suffered and flourished with the system they placed on their governments and politics. The countries frequently get stuck in the cycle of virtuous circle, getting good benefits from this circle.Virtuous Circle is a beneficial cycle of events that will have positive effects on a country while vicious circle is an opposite of virtuous circle; vicious circle is a repeating cycle that events make things worse. In the readings of Acemoglu and Robinson, they stated the institutions and systems will be impacted by both circles, no matter how it is small or large. Virtuous Circle appeared many years before democracy became popular but it started with the ideology of pluralism. Also, from the readings of Acemoglu and Robinson, it showed “the pluralistic nature of society came in view after the Glorious Revolution.” Acemoglu and Robinson stated there were large numbers of groups that wanted to overthrow King James II and when it happened, the Parliamentary groups worked to get William and his wife, Mary to become their moraches to lead the English throne. For instance, in Great Britain during Glorious Revolution, Whig political party dominated Parliament from 1714 to 1760. There were many committees where people had been abusing their power for long time. Everything led up to the Black Act (1793) where the Whig government passed this law that created offenses, relating to blacking, were punishable by hanging. Of course, England had the social classes set up for long time but most of people from these classes, landed gentry, farmers, laborers, and merchants. The land gentries might not care if there are any offenses on people while farmers may care because they rent lands from the gentries which th... ... middle of paper ... ... it is difficult to change because it don’t change instantly overnight when there is a step by step guide. First thing people need to do is to get pluralistic political institutions then people can get inclusive economic institutions. Lastly, it will lead to free media that will help people to be more informed. Consequently, any country can get better but it have to sustain the virtuous circle for a long time. Maintaining the virtuous circle need inclusive institutions to constrain the exercise of power if any minority or majority can impose its will on others, this undermines the virtuous circle by combining pluralism with the rule of law equals inclusive political institutions. In different words, virtuous circle is a beneficial cycle of events while vicious circle is an opposite of virtuous circle; vicious circle is a repeating cycle that events make things worse.
The Black Codes were legal statutes and constitutional amendments enacted by the ex Confederate states following the Civil War that sought to restrict the liberties of newly free slaves, to ensure a supply of inexpensive agricultural labor, and maintain a white dominated hierachy. (paragraph 1) In southern states, prior to the Civil War they enacted Slave Codes to regulate the institution of slavery. And northern non-slave holding states enacted laws to limit the black political power and social mobility. (paragraph 2) Black Codes were adopted after the Civil War and borrowed points from the antebellum slave laws as well as laws in the northern states used to regulate free blacks. (paragraph 3) Eventually, the Black Codes were extinguished when Radical Republican Reconstruction efforts began in 1866-67 along with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment and civil rights legislation. The lives of the Black Codes did not have longevity but were significant. (paragraph 3)
After the Civil War, in 1865, the southern plantation owners were left with minimal labor. They were bitter over the outcome of the war and wanted to keep African Americans under their control. Black Codes were unique to the southern states, and each state had their own variation of them. In general, the codes compelled the freedmen to work. Any unemployed black could be arrested and charged with vagrancy. The ones that did work had hours, duties, and types of jobs dictated to them. Codes were also developed to restrict blacks from becoming successful. They discouraged owning and selling property, and raising and selling their own crops. Blacks were often prohibited from entering town without written permission from a white employer. A black found after 10 p.m. without a note could be arrested. Permission was even required from a black’s employer to live in a town! Section 5 of the Mississippi Black Codes states that every second January, blacks must show proof of residence and employment. If they live in town, a note from the mayor must b...
To say that the government micromanaged the financial facets of the lower class society would be an understatement. They had certainly put their fingers into every pie of every aspect of the lower class’ life, at least the reformers certainly expressed their feelings of such a micromanaged oppression. Thompson’s Whigs and Hunters discusses the Black Act in heavy detail. The Black act was initially a means of controlling hunting so that game was readily available for the Royals. The book illustrates the harsh punishment of death the bill entailed far for the small townsfolk surviving on agriculture around forests. Some of the additional crimes were public disorder, mismanaging criminal justice, and crimes or injury against property or people.
Blacks were discriminated almost every aspect of life. The Jim Crow laws helped in this discrimination. The Jim Crow laws were laws using racial segregation from 1876 – 1965 at both a social and at a state level.
Blacks were treated unjustly due to the Jim Crow laws and the racial stigmas embedded into American society. Under these laws, whites and colored people were “separate but equal,” however this could not be further from the truth. Due to the extreme racism in the United States during this time period, especially in the South, many blacks were dehumanized by whites to ensure that they remained inferior to them. As a result of their suffering from the prejudice society of America, there was a national outcry to better the lives of colored people.
...downfall.Mostly societies fall due to whoever is leading them, like in Athens they were told to retreat inside of the walls which lead to an outbreak that killed ⅓ of the city’s population.Although trying to make a “perfect” society never ends up working out, we can learn from our mistakes and always try to make ours better. As I once said, “It is not possible to create a perfect society for imperfect beings.”
Many White laborers resented having to compete against slaves. These standards and combined with other acknowledgement of slavery lead to the establishment of antislavery societies. Many North states started becoming lenient toward Africans and enslaved individuals, states such as Vermont and Pennsylvania emancipated slavery during the late 1700’s as they saw it as unconstitutional. Although blacks became free, many faced systematic discrimination such as being excluded from voting, juries, militia duties, and being revoked rights of full citizenship. This later created segregation and denied black access to a quality education.
They wanted more control, more men and money for their armed forces and projects. Over time it was clear what changes were working and for the better and which were not. In England 1640s there was a civil war between Charles I and parliament which opened the way for new demand for political participation. In 1688 when parliament overthrew James II it insisted William and Mary the new king and queen agree to the Bill of Rights. The seventeenth century rulers were successful which created the political and economic conditions for their critics to
In British colonial America, indentured servitude was borne from the Virginia Company out of a need for cheaper labor, and was gradually replaced by African slaves in the 17th and 18th centuries for the same reason. The growth of slavery in America was not a result of racism or intent, but of economic opportunism. Both were exploited for profit to the maximum of the free planters ability, which in the slave’s case, was much more, because there were little to no laws protecting them, and sometimes even laws targeted against them.
The history of African-Americans has been a paradox of incredible triumph in the face of tremendous human tragedy. African-American persons were shown much discrimination and were treated as second class citizens in the colonies during the development of the nation. The first set men, women, and children to work in the colonies were indentured servants, meaning they were only required to work for a set amount of years before they received their freedom. Then, in 1619 the first black Africans came to Virginia. With no slave laws in place, they were initially treated as indentured servants, a source of free labor, and given the same opportunities for freedom dues as whites. However, slave laws were soon passed – in Massachusetts in 1641 and Virginia in 1661 –and any small freedoms that might have existed for blacks were taken away (“African American Slavery in the Colonial Era, 1619-1775”). Legislation later allowed laws permitting the act of slavery in the colonies and the areas under the Royal Crown. For example, in 1661 the Barbados Slave Code was passed by the colonial English legislature to provide a legal base for slavery in the Caribbean island of Barbados. This law allowed slave owners the right to do anything they wished to their slaves, including mutilating them and burning them alive, without any interference from the government (“Sugar and Slaves”). From the first ship of African slaves delivered in 1619 to the Revolutionary War to the Civil War and recent history, the legacy of the men, women, and children slaves lives on in the hearts of many in the United States of America through the impact of the colonies economically, socially, and politically.
... to make colored citizens less equal and to segregate them from the white society. The laws were harsh and unjust and deprived blacks and other colored races from economic and social opportunities. The laws were met with outrage and defiance among both the colored races and some whites. Though the laws are gone along with most of their creators, the mind set of superiority is still found in this country and in the world.
First, after emancipation, federal laws revived slavery into new form. After slaves were freed during post- civil war, the whites especially those in the south faced problems in running their plantations; since there was no free labor force from slaves, and also some whites who had never owned slaves saw the African Americans as undesirable competition. I think the laws enforcements eventually became the method through which slavery of blacks take its new form. Under these new laws, a lot of African Americans were arrested with no reason and were given harsh fines and later they were charged with the costs of own arrests. This is because majority of the Africans were poor and good number of them who were arrested could not afford to pay fines. With no means to pay fines most of the prisoners accumulated debts as a result they were sold a forced labor to industries and farm
...ts. It promotes liberalism and democracy, but it also creates disparity between the government and common citizens. It allows more infiltration of Western cultures in the Global South which is detrimental in preserving cultural norms and traditions in these countries.
Aristotle argues that being happy is also being good. Once you have achieved happiness that is the end, and because it is something final it should be where all actions aim. Aristotle says that this is a truism, meaning that of course we should always aim to be happy because it is supreme good. The idea behind this links back to virtue and why being virtuous leads to happiness. Each individual has different abilities and skills which will lead to their own specific type of happiness. Happiness does not come in the same form for everybody, but ultimately when one is excellent at what they do, they will achieve happiness. In this paper, I will explain why the virtuous life is the equivalent of the happy life.
Why Nations Fail takes an in depth look into why some countries flourish and become rich powerful nations while other countries are left in or reduced to poverty. Throughout this book review I will discuss major arguments and theories used by the authors and how they directly impact international development, keeping in mind that nations are only as strong as their political and economical systems.