It was a dark cool night on the beach of Normandy. The waxing moon dimly lit the coast, providing just enough light for the 101st infantry to continue pushing the opposing forces back. The men were exhausted. It had been only a week since they had parachuted in and stepped foot onto the beach. Sleep deprivation and fatigue had made the men delirious. They were hungry. Their vision was blurred and they needed nothing short of a miracle to survive or just a few “bennies.”
A “benni” was the American GI’s miracle. A “benni” is the street name for Benzedrine. This pill is was an amphetamine. Amphetamines stimulate the bodies “fight or flight” mechanisms by activating the sympathetic nervous system and the central nervous system. Increasing the release of adrenaline and other stress hormones (Kapadia, 2012).
These miracle pills were first distributed to American soldiers and pilots in WWII to combat fatigue, maintain alertness and boost morale (Kondrotas, 2006). After ingesting an amphetamine, the user will experience an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, a reduction in appetite and fatigue, pupils will dilate, and the user will be overcome with feelings of empowerment.
The high comes on like a rush of invincibility. After WWII use of amphetamines peaked in the 1960’s and then declined drastically in the 1970’s and remained dormant until the 1990’s. It wasn’t until 1990 when the American Psychological Association expanded the diagnosis criteria for ADHD did we see another surge in the acceptance of amphetamines (Kondrotas, 2006).
Amphetamines, like “bennies” given to fatigued soldiers during combat are now prescribed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder in children and young adults. By the end of the 1990’s there ...
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...007). When used excessively for a prolonged amount of time it cause mental imbalances leading to paranoia, aggression, depression, and amphetamine psychosis. Long term use commonly leads to cardiovascular side effects such as high blood pressure, weakened blood vessels, heart anthemia’s, constricted blood vessels and heart disease (Kapadia, 2012).
Prescription amphetamines such as, Adderall are listed as Schedule II drugs by the DEA. These drugs are considered dangerous as they have a high potential for abuse and their use can potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence (Inaba & Cohen, 2007). But for parents with hyperactive children, soldiers in combat, and college students cramming for exams these amphetamines work miracles by temporarily increasing the user’s ability to pay attention, remain focus, alertness, and increase self-empowerment.
Adderall is a drug that is approved to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) along with narcolepsy. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood as it affects an estimated 5% to 7% of school-age children. Adderall has a structural and action resemblance to other recreation drugs methamphetamine, which is commonly known as crystal meth, and ecstasy. Adderall is taken in two main ways, orally and snorted. If taken orally, there are two different pill types that can be taken: instant release and extended release.
A central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, methylphenidate—more commonly known as Ritalin—is drug prescribed in the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) ((1)). AD/HD, by definition, is "developmentally inappropriate behavior, including poor attention skills, impulsivity, and hyperactivity" sustained for more than 6 months, appearing usually during childhood2 ((2)). Figures estimate an approximate 3-5% of children are affected by the disorder. Differing views, however, exist about the legitimacy of the majority of these diagnoses. In light of this, the object of this assessment is to examine the bodily and societal implications of methylphenidate.
This is said with the idea that even though Adderall is a Schedule II Substance, it doesn’t seem as dangerous or serious as heroin. A big part in the philosophy of this is because it’s extremely easy to obtain on college campuses. In an interview done by Hercampus.com, Amanda states that, “On my campus, […] Adderall is extremely easy to find. Sometimes you don’t even have to ask for it if your friends take it regularly and study with you often […] People will try to sell [Adderall] to get cash for laundry money” (Gladu 2015). Even though it’s a Schedule II drug, a nationwide survey showed that it’s only considered as “very dangerous” by two percent of students. The survey also showed that the percent of student that believe nonmedical use of Adderall is “not dangerous at all” or only “slightly dangerous” is a whopping eighty-one percent (Zadrozny 2015). In short, the students that take Adderall don’t see how it can affect them because they are getting the drug from their friend, or classmate, and not in some dark alleyway associated with the more intense
Most people want to succeed but today nobody wants to put in the hard work hence Adderall sounds like the perfect solution except no one stops to think of the consequences or even bother to do some research on the drug they are placing in their body. Advertisements are used to manipulate the reader into thinking they need Adderall, or as if they have ADHD. This manipulation works because not many people challenge advertisers instead the consumer takes it for what it is. The consumer silences themselves by not challenging and researching the drug that is being ingested. If the claim being made by the advertisement fits their problem and it has a fix many will fall for the ruse. If a product does more good than bad and is supported by scientific
ADHD was a little known disorder until the 1990’s, when the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1991 included ADHD as a disability. It started to become more and more known to parents that there could be an explanation to why their child was hyperactive. The Food and Drug Administration also played a part by making the drugs used to treat ADHD more known to the public. What was once seen as a simple fact of childhood was now being seen more as a hyperactive disorder. Companies that made the medications, such as Adderall and Ritalin, would advertise to parents that the medicines would make the child smarter or more inclined to do choirs around the house. The companies would hype up the product to make parents feel like their child needed the medication in order to succeed in schooling at all or just to be a normal child. An Irish company once printed 50,000 copies of a comic book showing superheroes promoting the medication to children, saying it helped them to do their job as superheroes. As interest in ADHD as an answer to childhoo...
The use of psychotropic medication in children and adolescents dates back to 1937 when Charles Bradley conducted a study by prescribing the stimulant amphetamine sulphate (Benzedrine) to modify the behavior of children with severe behavioral disturbance. (Adams, 1991) Since these studies were conducted, more and more children and adolescents have been prescribed stimulants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers for various mental disorders, such as: depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The potential side effects that happen to children taking these medications can include: fainting, blurred vision, vomiting, extreme weight gain, and even death ("Seroquel information,” n.d.).
Amphetamines produce feelings of euphoria, relieve fatigue, improve performance, increase activity, and suppress appetite. Euphoric effects associated with the use of amphetamines, increase potential for abuse. Consequently, prolonged use of amphetamines may lead to drug dependence and tolerance. Desired effects are only achieved by increasing to higher doses of amphetamine, which can result in an acute overdose. Seizures, hypertension, tachycardia, hyperthermia, psychosis, hallucinations, stroke, or death can be experienced. Additional reports revealed that those who abuse amphetamines were significantly more likely to report using a greater number of illicit substances including nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, and opiates.
U.S. Heath News reported (2013) that 6.4 million children ages 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Since 2007, the utilization of stimulant medication to treat ADHD has jumped 11% nationally as a whole. It was also reported that the U.S. spends more on prescription drugs to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder than it does for all but six other medical conditions (U.S. News Health, 2013). The number of ADHD diagnosed teens prescribed stimulants, such as Ritalin and Adderall, will be increasing over time as the new guidelines set by the American Academy of Pediatrics now recognizes physicians prescribing ADHD stimulant medications to childre...
Price, Joyce. "DEA restless about Ritalin: doctors are sounding the alarm about a popular drug used to combat attention disorders in kids." Insight on the News 1 July 1996: 39-40.
Livingston, Ken. "Ritalin: Miracle Drug Or Cop-Out?." Public Interest 127 (n.d.): 3-18. SocINDEX with Full Text. Web. 12 Nov.
Adderall can have serious side effects if taken without a medical reason. Adderall is a Schedule II drug, which means there can be a strong chance of abuse and dependence (Pantovich). The abuse of Adderall can be compared to the addiction people receive from the use of cocaine (Pantovich). The drug can cause lack of creativity (Pantovich). The use of Adderall is intended for patients with a disorder...
Stimulant drugs are widely used to treat the symptoms of ADHD. These stimulants dramatically reduce the hyperactivity of sufferers and improve their ability to focus, learn and work. Such medication may also improve physical coordination, for instance handwriting and sports. Research completed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) suggests that these medicines may also help children with an accompanying conduct disorder to control their impulsive, destructive behaviours. The three medications that have been proven by the NIMH to be most effective in both children and adults suffering from ADHD are: methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine or Dextrostat), and pemoline (Cylert). (NIMH 1999) Yet there is currently much research on the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, such as t...
Amphetamines are typically used to provide the same effect that pure adrenaline does. The drug is specified for people with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity as well as narcolepsy, although if you decide to abuse the drug and use it for recreational purposes you may start to feel paranoia and nervousness. Using amphetamines can also put a strain on the circulatory system by causing the user's blood pressure to increase suddenly. (Amphetamine) Long term psychological effects of the drug can cause something called amphetamine psychosis which is much like paranoid schizophrenia. This could lead towards hallucinations, paranoid delusions, and obsessions. (Amphetamine)
Many students and young people trying to leave marks on their jobs now use brain-enhancing "smart" pills to help boost their exam grades or their ability to work long hours without tiring. It's quite possible that employers will start to demand that employees use stimulants. Drugs, originally made for dementia patients and children diagnosed with ADHD, are now available without prescription. Healthy individuals use them solely to improve their memory, motivation and attention, without any prior consult with their doctors. Many of these drugs are available on the Internet which comes in handy to young people who want to save their money for the future. What they do not take into consideration when buying stimulants on the Internet is the risk of not knowing for certain what they are getting. Moreover, long-term consequences and safety of the technologies are not known. Scientists haven’t done enough research to know how much of an impact even a short period of using such substances leaves on our brains.
Drug addiction is a very big problem in today’s society. Many people have had their lives ruined due to drug addiction. The people that use the drugs don’t even realize that they have an addiction. They continue to use the drug not even realizing that their whole world is crashing down around them. Drug addicts normally lose their family and friends due to drug addiction.