Interpreting Emily Dickinson's Poetry: A Biographical Approach

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Analyzing the poetry of a specific author can proceed in many different directions. Poetry can be studied in a historical, psychoanalytical, structural, or feminist context, among others. In many schools of thought, the author’s biographical material and any information gathered from it can influence how the author’s works are interpreted. In Emily Dickinson’s case, the information gathered about her life and about her environment can give insight into her many poems as well as the reverse in that her poems can give insight into her thoughts and feelings as she lived. Emily Dickinson’s poetry can be viewed through a biographical lens to add interpretations to her poems and show how her relationships affected her work, but it can also take
One of the most important relationships in Dickinson’s life was with Susan Gilbert Dickinson, who she corresponded with for decades. Sue, as she was affectionately called, empowered Dickinson through their incredibly literary relationship and became a symbol of “female power” for Emily. Dickinson wrote powerful and passionate letters as well as poems to Sue because “she was in love with Sue” (Smith 933). Many of them compare Sue with heavenly feelings, and most famously “Dickinson equated Sue with Eden, the land of imagination,” (Smith 938). In her poem “Come slowly—Eden,” Dickinson expresses her feelings for Sue through the symbolism of the bee and flower on the edge of Eden: “As the fainting Bee—/ Reaching late his flower/… Enters—and is lost in Balms,” (Dickinson 479). The male pronouns in the poem can be explained away when looking at Dickinson’s habits in her personal writings and poetry. “Dickinson’s poetry suggests that she is ambivalent about identifying with women,” so she uses male speakers in her poetry because she “notes the restrictions of a woman’s life,” (Miller 928). However, these restrictions do not stop Dickinson from telling Sue how she feels through “Come slowly—Eden!” and other poems she wrote to the other
However, focusing too much on the Dickinson’s life instead of the text itself can do more harm than good. Other aspects of interpretation can help balance out an analysis of her poetry like structure and historical context to create a well-rounded understanding of the poems and prevent any mistakes. Dickinson’s personal life did affect some of her work but not all of it, which must be kept in mind when reading her poetry. Her poems can have multiple interpretations that are found when looking through a biographical lens and taking her personal relations into account. Literary analysis is a complicated field and one must take care not to get caught up in one aspect of

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