Disjunctive Reaction Time as it Relates to Complexity Level
The reaction time for subject with increase complexity is the focus of this study. The ten respondents were randomly selected on the campus of University Wisconsin at Milwaukee. Ten subjects reaction time was evaluated with a computer simulation program using one, two, or four choice trails, which lasted forty to sixty minutes. The data were analyzed using t test and ANOVA. The t test showed no significance as far as practice effects were concerned, but inferences can be made. Also the ANOVA showed a significant difference with reaction time as it relates to complexity. I found that as the level of complexity increase so does the reaction time.
Disjunctive Reaction Time Measure as it relates to Complexity of Task
This study was conducted to prove that reaction time increases as the level of complexity increases. Disjunctive reaction time was measured to eliminate subject reacting too early to the stimulus. Also make the tack more complicated and for subject to uses discrimination before responding to stimulus. Postman and Egan (1949) defines disjunctive reaction time as "two or more different stimuli are presented in random order…the subject is instructed to react to one but not to the other stimuli"(p 240). Rikli and Busch (1986) defined reaction time "as the latency from the onset of the visual stimulus to the depression of the microswitch"(p 646). Although a joystick was used to respond to the visual stimulus the same principle applies. For the purposes of this study both definition of reaction time were incorporated to facilitate proper measurement.
Baron and Journey (1989) tried to prove that with increase age...
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...W. (1989). Age differences in manual versus vocal reaction time: Further evidence. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 44, P157- P159.
Postman, L. & Egan, J.P. (1949). Experimental psychology: An introduction (Chapter 12). New York: Harper.
Rikli, R., & Busch, S (1986). Motor performances of women as a function of age and physical activity. Journal of Gerontology, 41 645-649
Reference
Baron, A. & Journey, J.W. (1989). Age differences in manual versus vocal reaction time: Further evidence. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 44, P157- P159.
Postman, L. & Egan, J.P. (1949). Experimental psychology: An introduction (Chapter 12). New York: Harper.
Rikli, R., & Busch, S (1986). Motor performances of women as a function of age and physical activity. Journal of Gerontology, 41 645-649
Marcia K. Anderson. ”Women in Athletic Training.” Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 63.3 (1992): pp. 42. Journal Article.
Fatigue, decreased mobility and impaired balance from the rheumatoid and osteoarthritis pain also increases the risk of falls (Stanmore et al., 2013). Age related changes such as sarcopenia causes muscle tone and strength to decrease, especially in the lower limbs and as a result, balance and gait become impaired (Culross, 2008). These factors significantly influence the risk of falls and also affect the ability to carry out daily activities therefore, with a physiotherapists assistance, the nurse could introduce a personalised exercise regime to enhance muscle tone and strength (Culross, 2008). According to Neuberger et al (1997), exercise lessens fatigue and improves muscle tone and balance in older people. Recommending an exercise programme for Mrs Jones that incorporates strength training exercises and aerobics, could potentially improve muscle tone and strength and as a result improve mobility, balance and lessen the risk of falls (Bird, Pittaway, Cuisick, Rattray & Ahuja, 2013). The nurse could also suggest safety precautions such as advising Mrs Jones to use a mobility aid (Gooberman-Hill & Ebrahim,
...ffect. This theory suggests that recognizing and naming colors is not an “automatic process”. The attention need to be shifted from word to recognition of color; and there is hesitancy to respond; whereas, reading a word is habitual. The brain automatically understands the meaning and the phonetics of the word. The habituation of the reading task does not require controlled attention. Hence it is easier to read a word than to recognize the color of the word. More than theorizing on the phenomenon of Stroop effect, there is application value to this study. The experimental data and observations in the current study are very vital that it can be applied in many situations where the correctness is important than the speed. This information has the widest application in selection of individuals in occupations requiring instance data processing and correct responses.
“The past three decades have witnessed a steady growth in women's sports programs in America along with a remarkable increase in the number of women athletes (Daniel Frankl 2)” From an early age women were thought to be “Lady Like”; they are told not to get all sweaty and dirty. Over 200 years since Maud Watson stepped on the tennis courts of Wimbledon (Sports Media Digest 3); women now compete in all types and levels of sports from softball to National racing. Soccer fans saw Mia Hamm become the face of women’s soccer around the world, Venus and Serena Williams are two of the most popular figures in tennis, and Indy car racing had their first woman racer, Danika Patrick. With all the fame generated by these women in their respective sports, they still don’t receive the same compensation as the men in their respective sports fields.
Donna A. Lopiano “Modern Hisory of Women In Sports” Clinics in Sports Medicine19.2 (2000): 163-173. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 April. 2000.
...e up from the unconscious - from behind a locked door inside of our brain - but just because something is outside of awareness doesn't mean it's outside of control." (Gladwell, Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking , 2005) While rapid cognition is a subconscious process that has been created within us throughout our lives, it is possible to increase that reaction time to allow for more analysis of the information we are given. Being able to do so can increase the effectiveness of a leader, and improve change management on any level of an organization.
The researchers had the participants’ complete three parts of the experiment: the learning phase, the TNT phase and the final memory phase. In the learning phase, the participants were presented forty eight object image pairs and asked to recall them. The participants were asked to learn a behavioral response for each item. The participants were then shown one of the forty eight objects and asked to press a key indicating left or right depending on the strength of the associated picture. After this, participants were then shown the correct related picture for two seconds as response. ...
Bernhardt, J., et al., Not All Stroke Units Are the Same A Comparison of Physical Activity Patterns in Melbourne, Australia, and Trondheim, Norway. Stroke, 2008. 39(7): p. 2059-2065.
Understanding the incidence of disability in the oldest-old is a critical step in identifying methods of reducing disability in this at-risk age group. We examined incident disability in a large cohort of participants aged 90 and older, The 90+ Study. As part of their participation in The 90+ Study, participants are followed longitudinally, with detailed information about functional abilities obtained ye...
Dunn, George et al. National Strength and Conditioning Association. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal. 7. 27-29. 1985.
As with the mental map experiments, the fact that reaction time depends directly on the degree of rotation has been taken as evidence that we solve the...
Hult, J. S. (1994). The story of women's athletics: Manipulating a dream 1890-1985. In D. M. Costa & S. R. Gurthrie (Eds.), Women and sport: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 83-106). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Conger, Cristen. “Do men really have more upper body strength than women?” How Stuff Works. HowStuffWorks, 2013. Web. 8 Dec. 2013
Many factors can influence the results of testing this hypothesis. All variables have been controlled except for the variable gender. Both the male and female subjects are close in age (< two years difference), both are nonsmokers, both possess small body builds for their respective gender, and both have no debilitating medical conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes, heart condition). Controlling these factors allowed for the testing of the hypothesis, which is focused strictly on gender.
I want to discuss the topic of physical development during middle adulthood. Physical development is the time when people become increasingly aware of the gradual changes in their bodies this marks the aging process. (Feldman, 2014) Life style choices such as smoking, diet, alcohol and exercise can have an effect on an individual’s physical development according to the text. There is also a height, weight, and strength changes. The changes are happening in a declining rate stated in the text. The senses also decline at this stage in life. As a people age, so does their bodies they go through biological changes. Women go through climacteric and menopause. Climacteric is the transaction from being able to have children to not having them. (Feldman,2014) Menopause is the period when women can no longer have children. (Feldman, 2014) The individual I chose to do my observation on is my aunt she is 49 years old. She is a stroke victim. She had