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Physical and cognitive development
Influence of physical development
Physical and cognitive development
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Physical Development I want to discuss the topic of physical development during middle adulthood. Physical development is the time when people become increasingly aware of the gradual changes in their bodies this marks the aging process. (Feldman, 2014) Life style choices such as smoking, diet, alcohol and exercise can have an effect on an individual’s physical development according to the text. There is also a height, weight, and strength changes. The changes are happening in a declining rate stated in the text. The senses also decline at this stage in life. As a people age, so does their bodies they go through biological changes. Women go through climacteric and menopause. Climacteric is the transaction from being able to have children to not having them. (Feldman,2014) Menopause is the period when women can no longer have children. (Feldman, 2014) The individual I chose to do my observation on is my aunt she is 49 years old. She is a stroke victim. She had …show more content…
Cognitive development includes learning, memory, problem solving and intelligence. People would lose some mental sharpness as they age. (Feldman, 2014) Intelligence is stable across the lifespan, but processing speed declines as people age. When my aunt had the stroke her memory had declined because she had to go to physical therapy to learn how to talk and walk again. With my aunt having to learn how to talk and walk again, I would think this would be an example of fluid intelligence because she had to learn and take in new information and process it (Feldman, 2014) Even though my aunt’s still has trouble pronouncing words she knows how to talk. When I went to a fast food restaurant with my aunt, she asked me to count her change because she couldn’t count her money by herself. This is due to decline in problem solving because she has trouble counting her money or figuring out how to text people or use her camera on her
The age-related change that I am most concerned about developing is osteoporosis. The bones in our bodies are living tissue, and there is an ongoing process of replacement and reabsorption. When this process is interrupted in a way that the new bone doesn’t keep up with removing the old bone, osteoporosis can happen. Studies tell us that men and women are affected, but Caucasian and Asian women who are post menopause are at a higher risk of developing this bone disease. It causes bones to be brittle and weak so that even a small fall will cause a fracture. In more serious cases, this breaking can sometimes occur by a cough, or in bending over the wrong way.
Many women in midlife feel that they have hit their stride and they feel confident and assertive, but often women can feel less attractive sometimes too. Physical development in midlife is a continuation of the gradual changes already underway in early adulthood. Middle age adults do beome much more aware of aging and there's more that can be done to promote physical valor and good health during midlife. 57 year old Janet teaches dance for children and adults. She has been teaching dance for the past 40 years now. Janet reflects on the aging process in her interview and states that she is very aware that her body has changed. Janet says when she was very young, she was more limber and she could bend all the way back and put her head against her rear end. She says she has lost some of her flexibility and it really makes her mad. she says, ''you see young dancers that can do all the jumps and I can't do the same anymore. It bothers me.'' She doesn't want to lose her physical and mental abilities and she says it's a fear that she is fighting. To stay healthy and maintain her good health, she says she reads Prevention magazing, does Chinese herbs, tries to eat healthy, doesn't drink coffee and she doesn't smoke or drink alcohol neither. She says, ''facing the reality of aging is difficult, but you have
Aging is one of those traits which can be influenced by both nature and nurture. There are a lot of people who are very old and still looks very young due to their genetic makeup of their habit or ability to take care of their body with a lot of care .in either way the main aging characters such feeling easily being tired, developing very low vision, hearing disability, not healing fast as the body used to be starts to show up during a middle age. For the interview, I have asked my parents which both are in middle age. My mom Brook Fremouw is 40 and my dad Jason Fremouw is 42 years old. One thing they both hate, but accept is how their body is not acting as it used to be. For instance, my mom now starts to wear a reading glass because of her poor vision ability. She also using anti- wrinkles skin products to get rid of many wrinkles which comes in recent years. Both vision and wrinkles mostly influenced majorly by nature, but nurture also might play a very small
Health issues throughout the human lifespan are always hard to deal with. In this essay, I will give examples of different health issues that occur throughout the lifespan of a human. The seven different stages of a human’s lifespan include: infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. By the concluding paragraph of this essay, you will have gained knowledge of some of the health related issues of a given person throughout their lifespan.
As we have already learned about how our body and mind develops through our younger years of life and how important those years are to our development, we will be now taking a dive into the importance of adulthood. The transitional phase of emerging adulthood is very important to ones growth. What is emerging adulthood you might ask? “Emerging adulthood is a time when people continue learning and exploring, postponing marriage, parenthood, and career while preparing for the rest of life” (Berger, 2015, p. 389). This is a critical time for growth due to many of the developments someone will go through. I will be focusing on the aspect of body development throughout the emerging adulthood phase.
Intelligence has been commonly thought to decline as we get older, however this is a flawed belief. Countless individuals will argue that there are various cognitive processes that are associated with changes in the brain that do deteriorate with time, however there are also other brain areas that increase their activity in older age. I believe a person’s ability to perform certain tasks may become slower as they get older, but this doesn’t automatically mean that they are cognitively getting less intelligent. There are numerous ways in which intelligence can be defined, although it is commonly defined as general cognitive skills, this means that it is a mental ability involved in the capacity of learning, reasoning, perceiving relationships and analogies, understanding, facts, meanings, etc. (Dictionary definition). However Raymond Cattell (1963) argued that ‘intelligence does not generally consist of only cognitive performance’. Cattell and Horns theory developed in 1966 and emphasises that intelligence is composed of a number of different abilities that interrelate to form the broad term of intelligence. The main two factors are crystallised and Fluid intelligence.
During middle adulthood biological and physical changes become apparent. During this time visual perception, hearing and the reproductive system decline. Adults who have never worn glasses or contact lenses may start needing visual correction (pg 424). During this time adults may also need more light to see than their younger friends (pg 424). During middle adulthood individuals, more commonly men, develop a lower sensitivity to high pitch sounds (pg 424). This is the reason why individuals during this stage find it more difficult to hear and interpret other voices.(pg 424). The female reproductive system starts to decline, slowly ending in menopause. The decline in the circulation of estradiol, the primary hormone of estrogen, causes many differences in reproductive health. During middle age pubic hair thins, there are changes in vaginal chemistry, and the labia begins to thin and wrinkle (pg 424). The chemical changes within the vagina cause dryness and a greater likelihood of infections (pg 424). For men, the decrease in testosterone during middle age is only small however the decrease causes lower bone density and loss of muscle m...
Cognitive changes that can be seen in the elderly are memory loss. There is short term memory loss, where a person cannot recall what they might had for dinner the night before, or directions that were just given to them are just some examples. Long term memory loss is when a person cannot recall their parents’ name, place they lived, or an event that might of happened months ago are examples of long term memory loss. Cognitive changes happen all across the life span. As we age, we will have a decline in cognition. Cognition is the ability to think, to understand, and memory recall.
A newborn child’s physical and motor development is an evident progression throughout their first years and later in life. A child’s motor development is more of a slower progress, from going to gross motor skills to more fine motor skills in a few months while physical development is an apparent process. The environment affects children in their physical and motor growth, as they learn and adapt to new stimuli everyday as they develop. Separately, these developments start at different times, but function hand in hand as a child grows. Physical development is apparent at conception, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence; while motor development
Developmental health psychologists - specialists who study the interaction of age, behavior, and health and gerontologists - specialists in the science of aging -- are piecing together the details of diet, exercise, personality and behavior that make it practical to shoot for 80, or even 120. People approaching middle age can expect a bonus of several years of extra living thanks to continuing medical progress against cancer, heart disease and stroke. Specialists in the field of aging, developmental health psychologists, and gerontologist , concentrate their area of study on determining health status over the course of adulthood, and determining the nature and origin of age-related diseases. They are also concerned with describing the effects of health on behavior and describing the effects of behavior on health. The goals of these specialists are: prevention of diseases, preservation of health, and improved quality of health for those suffering from disability and disease.
In the body-transcendence versus body-preoccupation stage, one must be able to learn and accept physical changes that happen as we get older, we refer to this as transcendence. If someone is unable to do so, they become preoccupied with the physical deterioration, to the detriment of their personality development. Although the physical capabilities are not the same in the elderly as when they were young, many older people stay regularly fit considering their age. The changes that began in middle adulthood are becoming more unmistakable by the time one finds themselves in late adulthood. The two distinct types of aging are primary aging and secondary aging. Primary aging involves the irreversible changes that occur as people get older due to genetic programming. Secondary aging refers to the changes that are bought on by illnesses and diseases, not increased by age itself. Late adulthood is a very interesting period of life. Since people are now living longer than ever before, late adulthood is increasing in length. Whether we say it starts at 65 or 70 years, the amount of people included in this stage is larger than ever before, due to medicine and technological advances. One of the most obvious signs someone is in late adulthood would be a person’s hair. Most people’s hair become distinctly gray and eventually white, which may thin
An Investigation into Primary School Physical Education This report will provide a concise investigation into the developmental stages of physical education. Whilst this assignment will provide an overview of the subject in primary schools at present, it will also go on to investigate into the issue of teaching on a practical basis and also look at how physical education can develop a child. Using the information gathered from primary and secondary research, which was conducted whilst attending a primary school as a six week work placement, the latter stages will provide some critique and offer some recommendations to how physical education can be improved or developed in the future. After experiencing physical education at all academic levels, I was very interested in researching into the primary stages of the subject as I understand it to be the most valuable period of learning for any child. This belief is reinforced by the quote that ‘it is widely accepted that the younger the child, the more they learn through physical activity’ (P.Wetton, 1988).
After hearing what my mother had to say, I feel that when I am at an older age, my physical function may become more what identifies me than my cognitive function. It seems as if once your physical ability stops you from doing what you were once able to do, it identifies you more than your cognitive ability. For my mom, she still has most of her cognitive function, so that has not changed her much throughout the years. For me, my physical ability has stayed the same for many years, so that has not impacted me much. On the other hand, my cognitive ability has increased over the years, making it what identifies me the most. These two functions will change a person throughout their lifetime, but depending on what age the person is at can change the impact these functions have
From preschool into early elementary school, children have begun to develop their gross motor skills. They have developed a “mature pattern of walking” and are ready to test their physical abilities to the limits. Also fine motor skills have begun to develop, however more slowly. Along with motor skills children are developing their visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses. A child’s sensory skills are helpful in learning language.
Each person’s life consists of normal stages of development; this is known as life span development. This development starts at infancy and continues through death. In each stage of development, each person experiences four types of development; physical, cognitive, social, and personality.