As a giant herbivore, the Diplodocus fed primarily on conifers, ginkgo leaves, ferns, and other soft leafy vegetation available at the time (Young et al., 2012). Additionally, there currently stand two main feeding theories when it comes to the Diplodocus. The Diplodocus, with shorter front legs, is often envisioned as being a low browser where it would keep its neck close to the ground and feed off the leafy ground vegetation as it would have been in a more comfortable posture for feeding. As popularized by renowned paleontologist Robert Bakker, the second feeding theory depicts the Diplodocus feeding in a tripodal stance, where it could rear up on its hind legs with its tail acting as a third support so that it could reach up and feed on the tree canopy. This adaptability would mean that the Diplodocus did not have to compete with other low browsing herbivores such as the Stegosaurus for food (Farlow et al. 1997). Likewise, the secret to their efficient feeding lies in many dental and digestion adaptations ranging from their specially adapted teeth and jaws to their gut. First off, the Diplodocus have a row of blunt peg-like teeth in the front end of their jaw. The Diplodocus fed by first opening its mount, slotting the stems of the vegetation in-between their teeth, closing their jaw, and finally pulling back, stripping the foliage off into their …show more content…
This suggests that the Diplodocus could fit a greater length and thus, a greater amount of plant material in its mouth (Upchurch, 1994). Furthermore, a close analysis of its scleral rings, the bone that supports the shape of the eye, reveals that the Diplodocus functionally active both the day and night. This adaptation ensures a constant flow of food to keep their body functioning, maintains an increasing growth rate, and a provides a logical explanation to their massive biomass consumption (Schmitz and Montani,
In the lab the isopods were observed in a way to where behavior and structures could be properly recorded. The isopods were revealed to two dissimilar scenarios, normal temperature water vs. warm temperature water, to calculate which environment was most preferred. In each distinct scenario ten isopods were placed ten a choice chamber, one side being normal temperature (26.7celsius) and the other being warm temperature (43.3 celsius) , and observed for a total of ten minutes with thirty second intervals which was when we recorded our observations. After observations, it was seen that normal conditions was the most preferred environment by the isopods. In the scenario the Isopods exhibited taxis behavior, which is behavior caused by factors such as light, temperature, water and such. Nothing physical, but rather environmental.
It was thought that they used their heads in combat or mating contests, but that was disproved fairly recently, which I will discuss later in the paper. Both Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosaurs were “bird-hipped” and both of these suborders contained a backward pubic bone. Both were Marginocephilia, or “fringed heads”, which is one of three clads under the Orinthiscia order. They were also herbivore dinosaurs that inherited their fringe at the back of the skull from earlier ancestors. 2.
Works Cited "Animal Planet" Animal Planet. N.p., n.d. Web. The Web. The Web. 09 Apr. 2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'.
Foraging behaviour, an element for fitness is observed in all studied species both on land and in water. The locations where the various species foraged are determined by the availability of food supply, Dusky Moorhen feeds in both water for aquatic plants and land for seeds, grasses and shrubs. Pacific Bl...
6. Their favorite food is grasshoppers, but they will also eat small birds, eggs, fruits, seeds and flowers. They mostly feed on insects during the rainy seasons, but during drought they feed exclusively on the gum that flows out of some of the trees in the acacia-dominated forests.so Their food is birds; eggs; insect’s seeds, grains, and nuts; fruit; flowers; sap or other plant fluids and their primary diet is
Australopithecus africanus are 3.0-2.3 million years old, their diet consisted of (fruits, nuts, seeds, and tubers), their environment is mixed habitat of bush woodland, body sizes of females were 115 cm/3'9", 30 kg/67 lbs, body sizes of males were 138 cn/4'6", 41 kg/91 lbs, and their key sites were (Makapansgat, South Africa), (Sterkfontein, South Africa), and (Taung, South Africa). Whereas, Australopithecus robustus are 2.0-1.0 million years old, their diet consisted of hard gritty foods such as nuts and tubers; might have consumed some meat, their environment is mixed habitat of savanna woodland, body sizes of females were 110 cm/3'7", 32 kg/71lbs, body sizes of males were 132 cm /4"4", 42 kg/92 lbs, and their key sites were (Drimolen, South Africa), (Kromdraai, South Africa), and (Swartkrans, South
Fox, R. 2001. Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine: Artemia Franciscana. Lander University. http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/artemia.html, retrieved February 13, 2011.
A. domesticus’ mode of locomotion involves jumping and running (Lachenicht 2010). It is a land organism. Jumping for the A. domesticus has been possible by the the evolution of long hind limbs that use muscle contractions that can allow it to jump forward for around 17.8 cm or 10 times its body length (Lepore 2013). A. domesticus can have running speeds of around 1.3 m/s (Lepore 2013). Its jumping distance allows A. domesticus to avoid predation from animals like mice and lizards, and the running speed is important for prey capture (smaller insects) and foraging; increased performance in either of these traits has been positively correlated with better fitness (Lachenicht 2010; Bateman 2006). These locomotory traits are essential for feeding,
Figure 2 shows that the Panda is yet again a Primary Consumer or the Food Chain. Like the other Figures (diagrams), the tiger is the main apex predator of the food chain. In addition, the maggots are also included because they are scavengers who break down dead plants and animals. An arrow from the Decomposer attached with the Producer show that the plants would get essential nutrients from the maggots, otherwise dead matter and waste would pile up.
Circulatory systems are absent in some animals, including flatworms and unicellular animals. Flatworms lack enclosed fluid or lining in their body cavity, but a muscular pharynx instead that leads to an extensively branched digestive system where nutrients and oxygen diffuse directly to all cells with ease. This is enabled by the reduced distance of body cells from the digestive system because of the flatworm’s dorso-ventrally flattened body shape. Thus every cell obtains water, oxygen and nutrients, water and oxygen without the need of a transport system. The gastrovascular cavity of some animals, like jellyfish, have more extensive branching allowing bodily fluids to reach the outer layers, since the digestion begins in the inner layers. Thus functions as both a form of circulation and a place of digestion.
Strait, David S. "The Feeding Biomechanics and Dietary Ecology of Australopithecus Africanus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 12 Dec. 2008. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. .
The eye is an extremely diverse organ, ranging in complexity across and within animal phyla. Here, a comparative approach is taken to outlining the diversity of the eye forms within vertebrates and invertebrates. The eye morphology of a variety of organisms was examined. Eye function, and placement on the body was also considered. Here, variation in eye form is discussed in relation to the environment the organism is adapted to. It is shown that an organisms eye morphology functions optimally for the ecological niche it occupies. Evolutionary analysis is used to account for the emergence of the different eyes. Convergent evolution is used to justify the similarities in eye types seen in organisms of different species. This analysis begins with the simplest of eye forms composes of single cells, present in the zooplankton larvae. Such primitive forms are identified in mollucs, annelids, cnidarians, and are then compared to more advanced eye forms contain lenses. This comparative approach provides a breadth of examples of vertebrates and invertebrates, making visible, the diversity of eye morphology within the animal kingdom.
Zacherl, Danielle. “Biology 171 Evolution and Biodiversity.” National Association of Research in Science Teaching 2007 Annual Meeting, New Orleans LA. (2007):n. page. Print.
Diplopoda is a class, belonging to the subphylum of Arthropoda Myriapoda, consisting of about 10 000 species of animals which have two pairs of legs for each body segment and are often known as Millipedes. Hence the name, they do not have one thousand legs.