Diabetes Melllitus Type 2

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Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while enhancing the use of proteins and lipids. This is called insulin resistance, in which the pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, or the body is unable to use what is produced. The impairment causes blood glucose level to rise higher than normal. There is no cure for type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is life threatening when left untreated. Signs and symptoms of this disorder include vision changes, increased thirst, increased hunger, increased frequency of urination, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, erectile dysfunction, and absences of mentruation. These can occur abruptly, or over a long period of time. Long-term complications from diabetes include kidney damage, eye damage, and blindness. The risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus include genetics, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, history of diabetes during pregnancy, poor diet, obesity, high cholesterol, and abdominal obesity. Diabetes mellitus can be managed through the use of medication, or by reducing risk factors, such as avoiding obesity, inactivity, and poor nutrition.
Metformin is the generic name of a medication used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. Various trade names of this drug include Riomet, Glucophage XR, Carbophage SR, Obimet, Siofor, Fortamet, Glucophage, and Glumetza. The chemical name is 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide monohydrochloride. Doses up to 2000 mg per day may be given twice daily. The circulation of metformin is that the drug’s steady state of concentration within the blood is reached in 24-48 hours and the half life is approximately 6-1/2 hours. The nonabsorbed fraction of the dru...

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In conclusion, patients at risk for acquiring diabetes mellitus include those with increased obesity, poor food choices, and inactive lifestyles. These risk factors can be modified and will reduce the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medication can target the blood sugar abnormalities in situations where insulin resistance cannot be managed through lifestyle modifications, such as reduced caloric intake, reduced fat intake, weight loss, and increased exercise. Metformin is usually the first drug of choice for the management of type 2 diabetes. The dosage of the medication can be adjusted until normal glucose levels are achieved. Once benefits are achieved from the first choice medications, additional medications may be added. The prognosis for diabetes mellitus type 2 has improved with advancement in medication, prevention, and awareness of the disease.

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