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Negative consequences of stress
Effects of stress on an individual
Body's response to stress
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Crisis is an event that is unplanned, unwanted, and dangerous and leads to hard decision making. There are many different types of crisis such as economic crisis, mental health crisis, situational crisis, social crisis, adventitious crisis and many more. Every type of crisis affects people more than we think and know. There is always someone who loses and who gains during a crisis. People who lose are usually the ones who are affected the most such as losing a job, losing a family member or someone close to them, losing their homes and sometimes even their own lives. The people who gain are usually the rich people who prey on the poor and usually gain from making money and the poor’s lives miserable.
Autonomic Nervous System is a control system that controls body function such as heart rate, respiratory rate, salivation, digestion, perspiration, pupillary dilation, sexual arousal, breathing, and swallowing. The ANS is affected by crisis in so many ways because whenever we have something unexpected happen our body reacts to it in so many different ways. Usually crisis is a bad things and our body reacts to it before we can think about it. It makes our blood pressure rise, heart rate rise, make our breathing difficult and basically mess with our whole body function system.
This paper will be presented in three different parts and the first part will begin with the definition of crisis and Autonomic Nervous System, and how the crisis affects the Autonomic Nervous System. Second this paper will explain in detail what the crisis and Autonomic Nervous System. How the Autonomic Nervous System works and all the different consequences of the ANS during a crisis? And at the end will be all the review all the crisis and autonomic nerv...
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...e Morree, H. M., Szabó, B. M., Rutten, G. J., & Kop, W. J. (2013). Central nervous system involvement in the autonomic responses to psychological distress. Netherlands Heart Journal, 21(2), 64-69.
Harmening, W. (2014). "Crisis communication" In Harmening, W. (2014). Crisis intervention: The criminal justice response to chaos, mayhem, and disorder. Boston, MA: Pearson
McEwen, B. S., & Gianaros, P. J. (2011). Stress-and allostasis-induced brain plasticity. Annual review of medicine, 62, 431-445.
Rosen, A. (1997). 8 Crisis management in the community.
Streeter, C. C., Gerbarg, P. L., Saper, R. B., Ciraulo, D. A., & Brown, R. P. (2012). Effects of yoga on the autonomic nervous system, gamma-aminobutyric-acid, and allostasis in epilepsy, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Medical hypotheses, 78(5), 571-579.
Thompson, P. (2005). The Problem of Crisis.
Crises are inevitable. But Crises can be dealt with in a number of ways, due to their prevalence. However, books seem to be a popular choice, why? What makes them special and useful in times of crisis? Some of the most well-known books involve a description of a crisis or a character going through the crisis.
In the book “The Science of Mental Health”, the author defines stress as an environmental, or psychological demand of an individual that the brain interprets as a challenge. In regards to behavioral response to stress, the sympathetic nervous system is activated, which moderates the flight-or-fight response of the body. This response leads to increased heart rate and blood pressure, and redirects the blood to the muscles which is a result of the release of epinephrine (adrenaline). When a person is stressed, significant signals are produced from emotion-processing regions of the brain, such as the amygdala, which contain the gray matter that produces neurons for communication in the brain. If a person is chronically stressed, gray matter is
The purpose of this paper is to define stress and how it effects the body's physiological systems. This paper will include the normal functions and organs involved in the following five physiological systems, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory, immune and musculoskeletal. This paper will also include a description of a chronic illness associated with each physiological system and how the illness is affected by stress.
A sudden crisis is an event that occurs unexpectedly and often escalated quickly, such as a fire at a neighboring house, or a relative or loved one that has been in an accident. This type of crisis can be planned for (emergency contacts, ‘what-to-do-in-case-of…”, etc.), but often catches the person off-guard. The creeping crisis is a problem that may have started out small, but due to poor management or being unprepared, it grew into a large crisis. Predictable crises are ones that can be counted on to happen; cars on a racing course may crash causing minor and/or major injuries or fatalities. Crises caused by dumb decisions usually stem from an internal source that does not foresee or predict the final outcome.
In this writer’s opinion, after 2008’s crisis impacting, leaders should increase the ability about precaution before crisis and ability in crisis because of leaders’ position. it is hard to escape the involvement even though their advices were objected. In that situation, it requires leaders to resolve and reduce the damage to a minimum.
Ulmer, RR, Sellnow, TL & Seeger, MW 2007, Effective crisis communication, Thousand Oakes: Sage Publications.
They noticed that the conditions related to their muscular system, respiratory system, nervous system, and the digestive system improved notably. It has been studied and suggested that regular practice of Yoga increases the brain gamma-Aminobutyric acid levels which helps in regulating the excitability of the nervous system and muscle tone as well. This helps in reducing anxiety and improving mood functions, letting people lead much more emotionally balanced lives. Apart from the abovementioned advantages, yoga also helps in keeping cardiovascular diseases in check. The three principles of yoga: asana (exercise), pranayama (breathing), and drishti (meditation) help in monitoring heart activities and keeping it functioning healthily. It does so by reducing blood pressure, speeding up recovery related to heart failures or cardiac arrests, and lower other cardiovascular risk factors that some people might have genetically imbibed in them. Similarly, it helps people with chronic back aches. Regular practice of yoga can bring relief over a period of time, than medications alone. Pain medications for back ache or spine-related spasms generally have dangerous side effects such as gastric problems, nausea, and the relief they provide last for a very short period of time. Yoga on the other hand gives back pain sufferers a much necessary relief through stretching exercises and also by meditating which plays a major role in alleviating any kind of
It is a complex interaction of immune inhibition and activation, balanced by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. “PNI is focused on this interaction of behaviors, emotions, psychological responses, the central nervous system, and the immune system, and how these interactions can lead to illness or wellness” (Clark, 2014). Take the “worried sick” phrase. Acute stress, such as that experienced when your child does not return home by their curfew, is shown to release hormones such as cortisol as well as neurotransmitters that activate the body’s flight or fight response of the sympathetic nervous system.
Many individuals and families deal with crisis, or some type of trauma. Some of these crisis and traumas include natural disasters, PTSD, mental health crises, suicide, homelessness or any situation experience or event that produces emotional, mental, behavioral, and physical hardship or problem. During times like this, a crisis counselor may step in to aid in providing help to those in need (humanservicesedu.org, 2015).
It is important to understand what happens in the human body when experiencing an occasional stress situation, or long-term stress. The autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is a network of nerves directly affecting every organ in the body, has two branches; the sympathetic ANS, which prepares the body to cope with stress, and the parasympathetic ANS, which opposes the effects of the sympathetic ANS and controls rest (Collingwood 1). In a healthy person, the two branches are in balance, which means that there is action followed by relaxation (Collingwood 1). However, in the case of long-term, chronic stress, the sympathetic ANS is dominant and it does not let the body to relax (Collingwood 1). This might lead to numerous health problems, including high blood pressure, infections, allergies, skin problems, muscular pain, diabetes, heart problems and infertility (Collingwood 2).
The communication process is not something that begins when a crisis rears its ugly head rather it is a process that takes place in preparing for a crisis before it happens. While the term crisis represents a blanket term used to describe many situations, each situation is unique, thus presenting different obstacles to overcome. However, with a well-established advanced plan in place an organization places itself in a position to overcome and work around obstacles. The development of a comprehensive crisis management plan is one achieved through effective communication where each member of the crisis management team has an advanced shared understanding of his or her role and responsibility during a time of crisis (du Pr'e, 2005).
The Autonomic nervous system has a hand in every body system from the organs, body tissue, down to the simplicity of cellular makeup. Autonomic Ganglia are structures that connects neurons in order for information to travel to and fro. These structures are responsible for not only relaying information between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system neurons, but convergence of the information into physical action. It is important for these separate systems to work properly because they rely on each other to carry out their own functions. For example, if the parasympathetic innervation within the iris of the eye was disrupted there will be great consequences to the Autonomic nervous system that assist in voluntary movements of visual focus. It is important to learn about the autonomic target organs and how each one has its own variation of chemical release and neurotransmitters that assist in them functioning properly. The autonomic nervous system is the anatomy of the body. It is he overseer of the bodies’ ability to maintain homeostasis and therefore ultimately sustaining
The experience of crisis occurs in three stages, first is a sharp and sudden increase in the person’s level of tension (Walsh, 2013, p. 310). Second, the person tries but fails to cope with the stress which increases the tension and contributes to the sense of being overwhelmed (Walsh, 2013, p. 310). The person at this point is highly receptive to accepting help (Walsh, 2013, p. 310). The third stage, within approximately four weeks, the crisis revolves, either negatively with an unhealthy coping mechanism or positively with successful management of the crisis and perhaps an enhanced sense of personal competence (Walsh, 2013, p. 310). The negative emotions that usually emerge in a person’s experience of crisis are anxiety, guilt, shame, sadness, envy, jealousy, and disgust (Walsh, 2013,
Therefore a person must develop stress management skills to maintain their own stability and yoga can be a part of the solution. In the book, Yoga Body, Buddha Mind, by Cyndi Lee, the author talks about fight-or-flight, a condition where the body relates to emergencies then responds by activating the adrenal glands allow the heart to pump quicker, raise blood pressure, increase muscle tension, and produce sweat. However, if you are constantly in a fight-or-flight mode then it leads to stress. Health problems can arise from not learning how to balance good stress which can have survival value and bad stress that can lead to insomnia, headaches, and even more serious conditions such as heart attacks (Lee
Stressors initiate a response within the organism and causes changes in the body, specifically responses in the body’s autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system has two branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic autonomic nervous system helps the body deal with the stress it encounters, initiating the ‘fight or flight’ response. Once the threat has passed, the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system will take over, relaxing the body. There is a balance between these two in a healthy person. However, when someone stays on guard, using the sympathetic autonomic nervous system, all sorts of physical effects can