Deaf Readers

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Learning to read is a complex way of training the brain to understand connections of symbols and meanings to develop a natural way of obtaining information. Phonological awareness is an umbrella term representing phonemic awareness, decoding, comprehension, fluency, and vocabulary. People who are deaf or hard of hearing are missing an important sense used when learning to read. For example, grapheme-phoneme correspondence is a huge factor when learning to read which correlates with print-sound mapping. Without access to the sounds of letters, the majority of Deaf readers are at a third or fourth grade reading level (Nielsen, D. C., & Luetke-Stahlman, B., 2002).
One of the first steps of learning to read is understanding how letters and sounds correspond to each other. (Goldin-Meadow, S., & Mayberry, R. I, 2001, p.222) During preschool, grapheme-phoneme knowledge is a predictor of a discrepancy in reading later on in school. (Beal-Alvarez, J. S., Lederberg, A. R., & Easterbrooks, S. R, 2012, p.39) Students who are deaf are missing the phoneme part of grapheme-phoneme correspond...

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