This research is guided by two major theories. First, Transactional Theory, which is a widely accepted theory of coping developed by Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman. Second, the Control Theory developed by Charles Carver and Michael Scheier. Dr. Richard S. Lazarus is an influential psychologist who had an extensive academic work on how people cope with stress. He rose to prominence in the 1960s, when behaviorists like B. F. Skinner focused on reward and punishment as primary motivators of behavior. Dr. Susan Folkman, is a Professor of Medicine at University of California, Berkeley. They shared an enduring interest on stress, coping and appraisal, and eventually developed the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Lazarus and Folkman define coping …show more content…
Charles Carver is a Distinguished Professor of Psychology in University of Miami, Psychology Department. Carver authored a coping measure, the COPE inventory. He collaborated with Michael Scheier who is a Professor of Psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. Carver and Scheier (1981) concertedly conceive the Control theory and its use in the field of clinical psychology. The Control theory developed by Carver and Scheier stated that human self-regulation can be likened to the operation of self-regulating mechanical or electronic devices (Barone & Maddux, 1997). Control theorists or cyberneticists view self-regulation as a process of determining goals, and then using those goals as reference values for feedback systems, which act to bring existing states into line with the goals. (Carver and Scheier, 1981, p. 119). Self-regulation complements the coping mechanism as the individual adapts to the changes based on an existing change in the expected, standard or even, ideal situation. As the client attempts to cope with the circumstance, various aspects of his life may be affected. In some way, the coping response of an individual to a health-related concern may be related to his Quality of Life
In my own words, I believe that self-control is a deliberate attempt to change the way one thinks and acts about something. For instance, during the month of March, I am on a restricted diet to try to find food triggers to my daily migraines. When I first started, I had to remind myself constantly that at breakfast I wasn’t going to grab a glass of milk, or at lunch, that I wasn’t going to make myself a sandwich. I didn’t realize how hard this was going to be when I first started. There are still times, 15 days after starting, that I am reminded by my mom or dad that I can’t eat certain foods or that I have to pack my own dinner because where we go for dinner won’t have food that I can eat. Every day, I am retraining my mind at how I look at food. I am having to constantly shift my mind away from the long list of food I can’t eat and focus on food that I can. The way that I shift my thoughts of food, is similar to how Erica in Brooks’ book had to shift her thoughts to focus on her tennis match going on. It is a constant rewiring of how the brain looks at the world around us. This process is not easy, and takes a lot of work and time. However, as time progresses, it does get easier. Growing up, I missed a several years of my childhood due to tragedies that occurred. Going through the aftermath of some of the hardships I was facing, I developed an isolated mindset. I thought that if I didn’t get close to people, than I couldn’t get hurt by them as well.
Disease: any abnormal functioning of the body, organs, tissues, or cells that create the inability to function normally
In the analytic dimension we are responsible for achieving control over a behavior. As said in the article it is the ability to turn the behavior on or off, or up and down, at will. The two techniques used to demonstrate consistent control are the “reversal” technique, and the “multiple baseline” technique. The reversal technique is when the experimenter applies a certain...
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1987). Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping. European Journal of Personality, 1(3), 141-169. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=6af88033-cdff-4c3b-8b49-dadc2d302c35%40sessionmgr4004&hid=4105
There are two kinds of problem focused coping which are Effective and ineffective problem focused coping. Effective focused coping for example, an individual plans to host Thanksgiving dinner for 27 people, but finds the thought of preparing such a feast extraordinarily stressful. Problem-focused coping has the potential to resolve her stress. By evaluating options, seeking
Lochman, J. E., Boxmeyer, C. L., Powell, N. P., Qu, L., Wells, K., & Windle, M. (2012). Coping
...gs and needs, and looking of other ways to strengthen resilience such as meditating (American Psychological Association, 2013).
Sandler, I. N., Tein, J. Y., & West, S. G. (1994). Coping, Stress, and the Psychological Symptoms
In this paper I will be discussing two theories that my classmates and myself have learned about during this semester. The main objective is to explain, compare and contrast the theories using the information that we have learned inside of our text books. The two theories that I have chosen to use are the social bonding theory and the self-control theory. I chose these theories because these were the two that I was most interested in during my time of study.
The purpose of this paper is to review the theory of self-regulation and how it can be applied to practice in health care settings to improve patient outcomes. According to Johnson (1997), more than 25 years of research has influenced the development of the self-regulation theory, which is about coping with healthcare experiences. Health problems have shifted from acute to chronic where it has been identified that personal behaviors are linked to over half of societies chronic health problems (Ryan & Sawin, 2009). As the modern nurse strives to provide specialized care and improve patient outcomes, the utilization of nursing theory continues to gain importance. This theory explains how patients use specific types of information to cope with health care events thus providing a rational for selecting information that can be expected to benefit patients. The concept of self-regulation has been a part of nursing practice in a circumlocutory fashion for years. It has been most commonly referred to as self-management creating considerable ambiguity and overlapping of definitions for that term and self-regulation (SR). For the purpose of this paper these terms will imply that people follow self-set goals introduced by their health care provider.
Do you know what it feels like to have your palms sweat, throat close up, and your fingers tremble? This is the everyday life of someone who lives with anxiety. As soon as I wake up in the morning, I hear my brain freaking out about the day ahead of me. What do I eat for breakfast? What do I do first when I get home from school? What happens if I get in a car crash on my way to school? A million thoughts at one time racing through my head. I never have the time to process all of them. Most mornings, I lay in my bed and have to take a few deep breaths to begin my hectic but not so hectic day. That’s just the beginning. It’s safe to say that I feel that I 'm an anxious person and that I have an anxiety disorder.
There are two interrelated subsystems in Roy’s model. The primary or control processes consist of the coping mechanisms or the regulator and cognator. The regulator coping subsystem provides coping mechanisms by way of physiological adaptive modes involving automatic responses through the neural, chemical and endocrine systems (Andrews & Roy, 1991). The cognator coping subsystem provides coping mechanisms by way of four cognitive-emotive channels which are processing, learning, judgment and emotion (Andrews & Roy, 1991). The secondary or effector subsystem consist of four adaptive modes: physiologic/physical needs, self-concept/group identity, role function, and interdependence (Roy & Andrews, 1999). In other words...
“Self-concept consists of knowledge, views and evaluation of the self, ranging from miscellaneous facts of personal history to the identity that gives a sense of purpose and coherence to life” (McCrae and Costa, 1996). With self-concept, we learn who we are by observing ourselves and using our cognitive processes to judge and evaluate our behaviour. However, with self-regulation, we are able to use this knowledge and judgment and apply it to future situations and so predicts behaviour and says a lot about our personality. If we are willing to cognitively analyse past situations and apply it effectively to future situations, this means we are changing our behaviour, thus changing our
ROY, S. C. (2013). Synthesis of a Middle Range Theory of Coping. Generating Middle Range
The phenomenon of stress is presented in our lives more and more strongly. In the media, on the internet or at the doctor, we hear about it constantly. But what exactly is this phenomenon? “A large number of studies during the past several decades have explored relationships among environmental stimuli, psychological processes and organismic responses. Those studies that have investigated the various ways in which environmental changes or the perceived threat of such changes lead organisms to make specific adaptive responses are often subsumed under the rubric of stress research.”( Field, Mccabe, Schneiderman, 1985).