Principles and components of primary health care Primary health care (PHC) is an essential care based on the pathway to meet the basic human right. According to world health organization (WHO) in 1978, primary health care was defined as the essential health care, based on practical, scientifically sound. Moreover, social acceptances method and technology, universally accessible to all in the community through their full participation, at an affordable cost, and geared towards self-reliance and self-determination. (WHO&UNICEF, 1978).primary health care shifts the emphasis of health care to the people for themself and for their needs, reinforcing and strengthening their own capacity to shape their lives. Hospital and primary health care centres then became the only one aspect of the system in which health care is provided. As a philosophy, primary health care is based on the overlap of mutuality, social justice and equality. As a strategy, primary health care focused on individual and community strengths (assets) and chance of changing (needs), it also maximizes the participation of the community, includes all relevant sectors but avoids duplication of services, and uses only health technologies that are accessible, acceptable, affordable and appropriate. Primary health care according to declaration of ‘‘Alma Ata”conference it was said that monitoring and surveillance were developing healthier societies, because of the principles of primary health care was implemented to achieve better standard of health for all people. It also addresses the main health problem in the community providing promotive, prevention of care, curative and rehabilitative services. It includes education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of... ... middle of paper ... ...is made or broken down. It means that there will be even distribution among the population of whatever resources for health are available. Reference Anne McMurray, J, C. (2012).Community Health and Wellness: Primary Health Care in Practice (4th ed.).(L.Norrie, Ed.) Australia: Libby Houston. Janice E.Hitchcock,P.E.(2003).Community Health Nursing-Caring In Action (2nded.).(C.L.Esperti, Ed.)New York: William Brottmiller. Keogh,S.P.,Shafi,A.,&Wijetunge,D.B.(1998).Comarison of Owttawa ankle rules and current local guidelines for use of radiography in acute ankle injuries.JR Coll SurgEdinb,pg 43,341-343. Stanhope-Marcia.Jeanette-Lancaster (2002).Public Health Nursing: Population-Centred Health Care in the Community (7th Ed.).Academy of science Courtesy of the National Academic Press, Washington. WHO(1978).Primary Health Care. Retrieved Oct7,2008 from WHO Wbesities:http.
The Open University (2010) K101 An introduction to health and social care, Unit 3, ‘Social Care In The Community’, Milton Keynes, The Open University.
This report has been written to explore what the context of healthy communities is. The defined community will be introduced and a geographical map included. Gathered information of the specified community will be evaluated, data’s and statistics will be presented in tables. The focus will be on the health and social care needs of that community. Viewpoints of the residents of the chosen community will be summarized and discussed. Recommendation about observed issues will be implemented. Furthermore, theories and sociological aspects of diverse authors regarding notion communities will be included as they can support the findings.
Primary health care is the essential step to the Canadian health system. It is often associated with other specialized health care sectors, and community services. Many patients visit various services under primary health care such as family doctors' offices, mental health facilities, nurse practitioners' offices; they make phone calls to health information lines, for example, Tele-health; and receive suggestions from physicians and pharmacists (First Ministers; meeting on healthcare, n.d.). This service can prevent patients from visiting the emergency department, when all that is required is some guidance and advice. Having primary care services can reduce the consumption of acute beds, where only seriously ill patients can use the acute beds when it is available. Primary care not only deals with sickness care, but it helps patients receive preventable measures; it promotes healthy choices (Primary health care, n.d.). The focus on appropriate health care services, when and where they are needed, enhanced the ability of individuals to access primary care in various settings: at home, in a hospital or any number of family health care venues, such as Family Health Teams (FHTs), Community Health Centres (CHCs), or Nurse Practitioner- led clinics. This paper will look at the litigious heated argument in the Romanow Report concerning primary care. It will begin with a discussion of the outcome of the Accord on Health Care Renewal (2003) and The First Ministers' Meeting on the Future of Health in Canada (2004), both referring to primary care, which will then be followed with an assessment and analysis of the different ways in which the accords have been addressed in support of primary care. Followed by a discussion about the changes on ...
A community can be defined as a group of people, who live, learn, work and play in an environment at a given time. (Yiu, 2012, p.213) There are many factors that may influence the community’s development and health status. These can include resources available, accessibility, transportation, safety, community needs etc… These influences may combine together to form community strengths and as well as community challenges or weaknesses. As a community health care nurse, it is significant for us to assess and identify these strengths and challenges within the community in order for us to intervene and provide the appropriate needed health care services for the community members. This individual scholarly paper will explore and focus on one challenge issue identified from our group community assessment.
...nts of Health and the Prevention of Health Inequities. Retrieved 2014, from Australian Medical Association: https://ama.com.au/position-statement/social-determinants-health-and-prevention-health-inequities-2007
Right to health is one of the basic human rights without distinction of ethnicity, religion, race or socio-economic conditions. As a consequence, all of people have the same right to the highest attainable standards of health both physically and mentally including access to various medical services with affordable and proper quality (WHO, 2008). Furthermore, the government should ensure the availability of health facilities to improve health conditions for all citizens. In fact, disparities in access to health services often occur in many countries (Barten, Mitlin, Mulholland, Hardoy, & Stern, 2007). One of the main factors that trigger such
Access to health care in Ethiopia has left many people without proper health care and eventual death. Millions of people living in Ethiopia die because of the lack of access to the health care system; improving the access to the healthcare system in Ethiopia can prevent many of the deaths that occur, but doing so will pose a grueling and challenging task. According to Chaya (2012), poor health coverage is of particular concern in rural Ethiopia, where access to any type of modern health institution is limited at best (p. 1). If citizen of Ethiopia had more accessibility of the healthcare system more individuals could be taught how to practice safe health practices. In Ethiopia where HIV, and maternal and infant mortality rates are sky high, more education on the importance of using the healthcare system and makin...
Edwards, N. C., Etowa, J., Peterson, W. E., & Kennedy, M. A. (2012). Community health
There are many inequities in this global world; should there be such gross inequities in the health of people around the world? We hear words like health gap, health care inequality and sustainability. What can be done to eliminate the health gap, health care inequities and maintain sustainability? The World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations, private and public are working towards eliminating these disparities. Healthy People 2020 are one such goal that has achieved considerable progress in attaining sustainability in the pursuit of global health goals (Gostin et al., 2013). The health gap can be minimized through health strategies. Among them are essentials for all in this global world; clean air, water, healthy food and adequate housing with hygienic living conditions. Primary, secondary, tertiary prevention and care services should be available to all who seek health care services.
Shediac-Rizkallah, M.C., Bone, L.R (1998) Planning for the sustainability of community based health programs : Conceptual frameworks and future directions for research, practice and policy: Health Education Research. 12 (1) pg 87-108.
Primary health care is the indispensable care based on the real – world, systematically sound, socially adequate technique and technology which made unanimously available to the families and every individuals in the community through their fully involvement where the community is capable to afford at a cost to uphold at every phase of their growth in the essence of self-reliance and self-government. Primary health care in international health is associated with the global conference held at Alma Ata in 1978; the conference that promoted the initiative health for all by the year 2000. “Primary health care defined broadly at Alma Ata emphasized universal health care across to all individuals and families , encouraged participation by community members in all aspects of health care planning and implementation and promoted the delivery of care that would be scientifically sound , technically effective , socially relevant and acceptable” (Janice E.Hitchcock,2003). Primary health care is commonly viewed as a level of care or as the entry point to the health care system for its client. It can also taken to mean a particular approach to care which is concerned with containing care, accessibility, community involvement and collaboration between other sectors. The primary health care policy has some principals that have been designed to work together and be implemented simultaneously to bring about a better health outcome for the entire society.
To achieve vision 2030, health sector is a key pillar through provision of accessible, quality and relevant health services to have a healthy workforce. Increasing allocation of resources, improvement in health personnel and facilities, better health management are among the strides made. However, challenges still exist due to infrastructural constraints, inadequate human resources, increasing cost of medical care, financial constraints, HIV/AIDS Pandemic, increasing non communicable diseases and high poverty levels.
The purpose of this community profile is to discuss a particular health improvement issue within a chosen community. A community can be defined using many different terms. You can belong to a community through religious beliefs. Through shared experiences or interests. You can belong to a political community where all involved share the same political interests. A community can also be defined as ‘a family’ a small village where many have lived most of their lives who share the same desire to belong to that community.
This is a community profile that aims to identify a specific health improvement issue within a geographically local community. A community profile is an attempt to describe a particular community or neighbourhood. It uses a variety of different techniques to build up a picture of the community from a number of perspectives’ (Barnardos.org.uk, 2004) including several components of a community such as its demographic characteristics, patterns and trends i.e. its epidemiology in order to make comparisons between different localities to determine areas needful of specific health improvements with the goal of improving local people’s health and reducing health inequalities. A core definition of community as distinguished by Macqueen and Mclellan et al (2001) is ‘a group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings’. The purpose of community profiling is to identify and understand health-related issues, inequalities and needs within a community; with the intention of determining the factors that influence people’s health and wellbeing within that given community in order to highlight gaps in provision to contribute towards making positive health improvements and improving the quality of life of the community.
Community Health is the study and development of health in different communities. Community health tends to focus on area which includes primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare. It is also related to policies and a broad health services ranging to prevent diseases, promote health, and to rehabilitate the community. This is dedicated to individuals belonging to a local community and also the features of this community and its environment. With this community health nursing can be explained as a practice of taking care of the family from the child trough to the elderly on how to live a healthy and productive life, they provide a continuous service making sure that the physical and mental state of all individuals is good and also not prone to any chronic or risky diseases. Community health nurses are not restricted to the care of a particular age or diagnostic group. Contribution of all clients of health care are encouraged in the development of community activities that contribute to the promotion, education, and maintenance of good health. These activities require full health programs that pay special attention to socio-ecologic controls and specific populations at risk. Community health nurses are valued for their adaptive and ability to provide care in many ways, including community health clinics, churches, homeless shelters, and schools. Their role is to provide full care to patients within their homes, at organized events such as health fairs, and at agencies and institutions serving people who have particular health needs. They also lead or work together with other health care professionals, organizations, political figures and members of the community to promote health for their community. They develop and apply corporat...