Comparing DEC Alpha and Intel Pentium Processors
The main difference between the architectures of Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC) Alpha and Intel's Pentium processors are the instruction sets. In this paper I intend on defining both RISC and CISC processors. In doing this I will be comparing DEC's Alpha 21164 (a microprocessor that implements the Alpha architecture) and also Intel's Pentium processors (from the Pentium-R through the Pentium II).
Reduced Instruction Set Computing or RISC processing is a CPU architecture with an instruction set that eliminates some (but not all) complex instructions by pairing down and reducing them in complexity so that instructions can be performed in a single processor cycle. This is accomplished through high-level compilers that breakdown the more complex, less frequently used instructions into simpler instructions. Thus, allowing the RISC architecture to im-plement a smaller instruction set that utilizes more registers and eliminating the need for microcode.
"The Alpha architecture is a 64-bit load and store RISC architecture designed with particular emphasis on speed, multiple instruction issue, multiple processors, and software migration from many operating systems." (1, pg. 1-1) Most recent CPU designs are superscalar and superpipelined. Superscalar means that the architecture provides two pipelines for executing multiple instructions in parallel. Superpipelining increases the number of pipeline stages, allowing for results from either pipeline to be simultaneously used to avoid stalls thus, improving data flow by removing data dependency. "The 21164 microprocessor is a superscalar pipelined processor manufactured using 0.5-micron CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conducto...
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...esources
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No surprises then that AMD has brought out their first six core part, following several months after AMD introduced the Magny Cours (Istanbul) 12 core server CPU. This CPU internally was made up of two six core dies, and as such it would have been a painless process to produce a CPU with just a single six core die. AMD has done exactly that and what we end up with is half a Magny Cours CPU or, as we like to refer to it, the best thing to come out of AMD in recent history.
The machine has 16 general purpose 8-bit registers numbered 0 through F (in hexadecimal). Each register can be identified in an instruction by specifying the hexadecimal digit that represents its register number. Thus register 0 is identified by hexadecimal 0 and register 10 is identified by hexadecimal A.
“Which is better, AMD or Intel?” is a question that is constantly debated among people involved with computers. There are many reasons to choose one side over another, as both do have their advantages and disadvantages. Intel and AMD are the most prevalent processor production companies, which in turn creates competition between the two. This question is a by-product of that competition. Only by knowing each company and what their product has to offer, can a person make a decision as to what to buy to suit their needs.
This document describes the final project for the course COEN 283 – Operating System. The project is team oriented, main goal is to select a topic related the Operating System concepts that should be either theoretical, in which new algorithm is analysis and simulate, in which subsystem/driver of an OS is prototyped. Provide the simulation/implementation code and explain the detail design in this report. This project will provide opportunity for students to perform research on topic of interest of operating system.
“After the integrated circuits the only place to go was down—in size that it. Large scale integration (LS) could fit hundreds of components onto one chip. By the 1980’s, very large scale integration (VLSI) squeezed hundreds of thousands of components onto a chip. Ultra-Large scale integration (ULSI) increased that number into millions. The ability to fit so much onto an area about half the size of ...
Its Fourth-generation quad-core Intel Core i7 processor is remarkable for good performance and visuals. It enables the user to feel and see in high definition and 3D; and gives room for multitasking and media. The thrilling speeds are modeled for smooth and seamless games, photos and movies. The chip has a transistor count of 1.4 billion and a die size that is 177 square millimeters. Additionally, it has an incorporated processor graphics, and a dual-channel DDR3 support of up to 1600MHz (Williams & Sawyer, 2010).
The debate over whether or not the design|architecture} design or the CISC architecture is best has been occurring for several years. whether or not design|architecture} design with its tiny however economical instruction set or the CISC architecture with its massive and straightforward to use instruction set is best has been arduous to work out. during a time once new chips ar free nearly monthly, corporations wish to create certain they need the sting over the competition. they require their chips to be designed with speed in mind. several chips have used either the Reduced Instruction Set pc or the advanced Instruction Set pc since the start of the pc era however whether or not one is best has ne'er been a clear-cut issue. They each have strengths and weaknesses. we tend to ar progressing to discuss the advantages and downsides of every design and verify that is that the higher design.
... extent represented within the Intel Itanium Processor, security, scalability, delivering reliability, massive resources, parallelism and a new memory model based on a sound microarchitectural foundation. Because of its efficiency and so tiny in size and independence of out-of-order logic, the most advanced generation Itanium processor delivers best performance without any thermal generation problems. This quality of Itanium makes it a simple but efficient and refined engine that helps in consistent long-term improvement in code execution by small advancement in software, ultimately reducing the importance for significant new improvements in hardware. Microprocessor hardware advancements are becoming more and more difficult as time is progressing and even Moore believes that the exponential upward curve in microprocessor hardware advancements will not go forever.
Intel Corporation. (n.d.). Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® Processors LV and ULV for embeded computing. Retrieved May 23, 2010, from Intel Corporation Web site: http://download.intel.com/design/intarch/prodbref/31578602.pdf
A processor is the chip inside a computer which carries out of the functions of the computer at various speeds. There are many processors on the market today. The two most well known companies that make processors are Intel and AMD. Intel produces the Pentium chip, with the most recent version of the Pentium chip being the Pentium 3. Intel also produces the Celeron processor (Intel processors). AMD produces the Athlon processor and the Duron processor (AMD presents).
Computers are very complex and have many different uses. This makes for a very complex system of parts that work together to do what the user wants from the computer. The purpose of this paper is to explain a few main components of the computer. The components covered are going to be system units, Motherboards, Central Processing Units, and Memory. Many people are not familiar with these terms and their meaning. These components are commonly mistaken for one and other.
According to Parsons and Oja (2014), they state that a “microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions” (p 67).
Microprocessors are different to one another according to the manufacturer and technical specifications. The most important technical specifications of microprocessor are the type and processing speed. The type of microprocessor is defined by the internal structure and basic features .The microprocessors communicate with the rest of the system by means of buses. Buses are sets of parallel electronic conductors set of wires or tracks on the circuit board.
The input and output sections allow the computer to receive and send data, respectively. Different hardware architectures are required because of the specialized needs of systems and users. One user may need a system to display graphics extremely fast, while another system may have to be optimized for searching a database or conserving battery power in a laptop computer. In addition to the hardware design, the architects must consider what software programs will operate the system.
The computer has progressed in many ways, but the most important improvement is the speed and operating capabilities. It was only around 6 years ago when a 386 DX2 processor was the fastest and most powerful CPU in the market. This processor could do a plethora of small tasks and still not be working to hard. Around 2-3 years ago, the Pentium came out, paving the way for new and faster computers. Intel was the most proficient in this area and came out with a range of processors from 66 MHz-166 Mhz. These processors are also now starting to become obsolete. Todays computers come equipped with 400-600 Mhz processors that can multi-task at an alarming rate. Intel has just started the release phase of it’s new Pentium III-800MHz processor. Glenn Henry is