One of the study designs used in epidemiology is the cohort study (Heavey, 2015). The epidemiology studies are used to examine the distribution of disease (Heavey, 2015). The cohort epidemiology study examines the distribution of disease by following a group of prospects over a period of time and evaluating those that develop the outcome of interest (Heavey, 2015). One of the most important task that must be completed prior to the cohort study is the removal of prevalence cases (Heavey, 2015). This simply means that those who already have the disease of interest must be eliminate (Heavey, 2015). The next step involves sending out surveys in order to have information on the sample and so that associations can be determined later in the cohort study (Heavey, 2015). One of the strengthens associated with the cohort study is the incidence cases and being able to calculate relative risk. The incidence cases are the individuals that the disease becomes present in during the study (Heavey, 2015). The relative risk is …show more content…
Unlike the cohort study, the case control study takes the disease of interest and looks in the past for exposure (Heavey, 2015). Just like the cohort study the examiner would interview the sample and look for what the sample was exposed to (Heavey, 2015). Since you cannot calculate incidence rate (new cases) within this study, we determine odds ratio rather than relative risk (Heavey, 2015). “The odds ratio is an estimate of the risk of being sick, not becoming sick” (Heavey, 2015, p. 224). The case control study is usually easier for people to understand because it simply explains the changes that something will happen divided by the chance that it will not (Heavey, 2015). However, a weakness with case control studies is that the odds ratio the results are more accurate with rare cases (Heavey,
The incidence rate for children between 0 and 19 years old was 5.13 per 100,000. For adults over 20 years of age, the incidence rate was 26.8 per 100,000. The rate was higher in females (22.3 per 100,000) than males (18.8 per 100,000).
International Journal of Epidemiology 36.6 (2007): 1229-234. International Journal of Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 28 Sept. 2007. Web. The Web.
It is also suggested that those of ‘high risk’ cases should be subjected to a longer treatment period
Epidemiology. The. 4th ed. of the book. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Saunders, Elsevier, Inc. National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties.
Three major types of methods used for this study are “Longitudinal Research Method”, “Cross- sectional Research Method” and “Cross Sequential Method” (A cohort form of Longitudinal and cross-sectional method). “Case Study Method” and “Survey Method” also have been used (Baltes, 1968).
1. Outline the causes, incidence and risk factors of the identified disease and how it can impact on the patient and family (450 words)
The development of knowledge requires a number of processes in order to establish credible data to ensure the validity and appropriateness of how it can be used in the future. For the healthcare industry, this has provided the ability to create and form new types of interventions in order to give adequate care across a of number of fields within the system. Research then, has been an essential part in providing definitive data, either by disproving previous beliefs or confirming newly found data and methods. Moreover, research in itself contains its own process with a methodological approach. Of the notable methods, quantitative research is often used for its systemic approach (Polit & Beck, 2006). Thus, the use of the scientific method is used, which also utilizes the use of numerical data (Polit & Beck). Here, researches make use of creating surveys, scales, or placing a numerical value on it subjects (Polit & Beck). In the end the resulting data is neutral and statistical. However, like all things its approach is not perfect, yet, it has the ability to yield valuable data.
Longitudinal Research Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study. N.p., 2 Mar. 2013. Web. 08 Apr.
There are advantages to using RCT, firstly, there the effect of using randomization will “wash out” any population bias and it is easier to blind than observational studies (O'Brien, 2013). The results can be analyzed with reliable statistical tools and the participants can be clearly identified (O'Brien, 2013). The disadvantage of this method is that it is often expensive and time cons...
In an effort to analyze the natural history of a disease, an epidemiological triangle is used. An epidemiological triangle is comprised of a susceptible host or individual, environment, and a causative agent. The host tends to have low immunity, poor nutrition, and a concurrent disease. The host tends to have poor
During the past years, interest in health care promotion has increased which has been due to several factors. The major factor has been the shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases that has been named as world killers. This shift is commonly referred to as epidemiologic transition characterized by low birthrates, ageing population and increased cost of health care (Kessler et al, 2013). Previously, disease identification was easy but with changing times and the emergence of many diseases, characteristics of diseases hav...
Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of the demographics of disease processes, including the study of epidemics and other diseases that are common enough to allow statistical tools to be applied. It is an important supporting branch of medicine, helping to find the causes of diseases and ways of prevention. It can, using statistical methods such as large-scale population studies, prove or disprove treatment hypotheses. Another major use of epidemiology is to identify risk factors for diseases. Epidemiological studies generally focus on large groups of people and relate to a target population that can be identified.
In the health care industry, gathering information in order to find the best diagnosis route or even determine patient satisfaction is necessary. This is complete by conducting a survey and collecting data. When the information is complete, we then have statistical information used to make administrative decision within the healthcare field. The collection of meaningful statistics is an important function of any hospital or clinic.
Epidemiology in the 21st century has great significance, as health problems become more global, a global approach to health is important. Addressing public health problems on a global basis is fundamental to public health, epidemiology and the understanding of disease frequency. Collaboration across the globe has proved to provide a better outcome for public health and the population (Pearce 2013). Descriptive epidemiology embraces a respectable position within the global approach to disease surveillance along with the frequency of diseases, investigating the causes and underlying causes of disease together with understanding the means to control the disease is epidemiology in public health. The idea of epidemiology is that diseases form patterns
Epidemiology research, understanding of study design and methods, hypothesis formation, and writing a scientific poster help me develop pertinent research skills to success in a future in biomedical science. I aim to earn a Ph.D. in biomedical science and continue in health science that will positively impact the population. I believe that public health can fit together with biomedical science to find insight to molecular mechanisms and complex understanding of what diseases are seen in research fields like epidemiology. I am passionate about public health and epidemiology foci of nutrition so working on a project to prevent and dec...