Border Security and Transatlantic Counter-Terrorism Measures
ABSTRACT: The United States and the European Union share common values, economic interests, and security challenges. The expansion of the European Union into the countries which were under the Soviet sphere of influence continues to complicate the internal border security of the European Union. Given the liberalization of trade within the EU and in turn into the US, the port and border security of each trading partner is connected in this global economy. This paper examines some of the border security issues facing the EU and how these challenges affect the United States. Particular interest is paid to the porous borders of the former Warsaw Pact countries given their habitual, Cold War trading partners. The EU must strengthen its executive authority in order to enforce external border security in order to maximize its internal free trade zone. The national leaders within the EU will continue to resist the increasing strength of the EU Commission and the decreasing sovereignty of the member states. This paper was originally submitted on 5 August 2004 as the final project for Bush 689-200 Structure and Policy of the European Union, taught by Dr. Klaus L. Aurisch.
The haunt of terrorism after the September 11, 2001 and March 11, 2004 attacks in Europe and the United States have spurred further transatlantic cooperation to counter this global challenge. The US and the EU have differed on several positions regarding the Global War on Terror and the manner in which it has been conducted. The inability of the EU to reach a consensus on support of US action in Iraq in 2003 coupled with the vocal dissension of the French in the United Nations Security Council ...
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...sion, European Union FactSheet- Container Security, 25 June 2003, p. 1
2 Ibid.
3 Council of the European Union, EU-US Declaration on Combating Terrorism, 26 June 2003, p. 6-7.
4 European Commission, European Union FactSheet- Passenger Name Record, 25 June 2003, p. 1-2.
5 Council of the European Union, p. 7.
6 Ibid, p. 7-8.
7 Smith, Karen E., European Union Foreign Policy in a Changing World, 2003, p. 171-176.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid, p.175-176.
10 EU Draft Constitution, Article III 168-177.
11 Transitions On-line (TOL), The Curtain Drops, p. 1.
12 Smith, p. 189.
13 Zielonka, Explaining Euro-Paralysis, p. 233.
14 Ingham, EU Expansion to the East, p. 196-197.
15 Welfens, EU Eastern Enlargement, p. 35 & 61.
16 Transistions On-line, p. 1.
17 Carter, Richard, Big Five Establish Anti-Terror “Pioneer Group”, p. 1.
18 Ingham, p. 90.
Shiraev, Eric B., and Vladislav M. Zubok. International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Scientists are constantly researching ways to help people with sickle cell anemia. Several recent drugs on the market, such as hydroxyurea, have helped reduce painful crises and episodes of acute chest syndrome in adults with the condition. These drugs have also decreased the need for hospitalization. Scientists are also testing these and other drugs to see if they work for kids and teens. In rare cases, people with severe sickle cell anemia may be given a bone marrow transplant to help them produce healthy hemoglobin.
The relationship between Russia and the rest of Europe has been extremely precarious throughout its existence. From looking to Europe for guidance to outright opposing the interests of Europe, the stance towards Europe has varied greatly. In the post-Cold War era, Russia’s policies have been formed in an attempt to reclaim control over their former sphere of influence, often clashing with European interests in regards to economic, energy, and security matters facing the world.
At no time was a search for the cure for influenza more frantic than after the devastating effects of the pandemic of 1918. The pandemic killed somewhere between twenty and a hundred million people, making it twenty five times more deadly than the ordinary cough and sneeze flu. The symptoms of this flu were like something straight out of a horror movie: the victim’s facial complexion changed to a dark, brownish purple, the feet turned black, and they began to cough up blood. Eventually, death was caused, literally by drowning, when the victim’s lungs filled with their own blood. The first scientist to claim to solve the enigma of influenza was Dr. Friedrich Johann Pfeiffer. He isolated a bacterium he named Hemophilus influenzae from the respiratory tract of those who had the flu in the pandemic of 1890. He was believed to be correct in his discovery until the pandemic of 1918, when scientists searched the respiratory tracts of influenza victims and only sometimes found his bacterium. Robert E. Shope and his mentor Paul Lewis were the next to attempt to crack the code of influenza. They chose to study the disease in pigs, a controversial choice because many people believed that the swine influenza pigs were contracting was not the same as the human flu. The first experiment they ran was ba...
First, I want to provide a little background on REI, Recreational Equipment, Inc. REI is an outdoor equipment and apparel supplier. REI is a co-op, or a consumer cooperative. This means that the company is not publicly traded, but owned by their members. A group of mountain climbers who needed outdoor equipment started the company many years ago and now consists of over four million members nationwide and still growing. For twenty dollars, a consumer can buy a lifetime membership to the REI consumer co-op. In doing so, the member is eligible to receive a portion of the company’s profits depending on the purchases the member makes throughout the year. REI has made FORTUNE magazine’s list of “100 Best Companies to Work For” ever since FORTUNE started ranking companies. According to REI’s website, they believe “employees are the heart of the co-op and the ultimate source of our success.” This statement already shows that REI places a high value on human resources. Now let us look at those HRM functions that keep REI employees the focus of their su...
“Religion is morally neutral like, say, a knife. When you use it to cut sandwiches, then a knife is a good thing; but if you use it to stick in someone’s guts, then… (Brewer, 2006, p. 1)”
Over the years it seems as though our country has become more populated and unsafe from the illegal immigrants and smuggled goods, such as drugs and weapons, which make it into the United States. Although there are many illegal immigrants and contraband that are able to make it into the U.S undetected, there are a significant amount of people and contraband that are caught by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). The CBP is a component of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and was formed in 2003. “It is one of the world’s largest law enforcement organizations and is charged with keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the U.S” (CBP). One of the departments of the CBP is border security, which is a team of individuals that work together to protect our country from “illegal immigrants, narcotics smuggling, and illegal importation” (CBP). Border patrol was established in 1924 and has changed dramatically over the decades. The one aspect that has not changed is “the overall mission to detect and prevent the illegal entry of aliens into the U.S” (CBP). The border patrol is responsible for patrolling the 6,000 miles of Mexican and Canadian land borders and 2,000 miles of coastal waters. According to CBP, “In 2013 420,789 nationwide illegal aliens were apprehended and 2.9 million pounds of drugs were seized.” As one could tell, there is a significant amount of illegal immigrants and smuggled goods coming into the U.S. However, the number of illegal immigrants that have been seized is lower than it has been in the past, but I still believe that having a strong border security is necessary in continuing to keep immigrants from trying to come into the U.S illegally and transporting illegal goods. “The primary goal of bo...
When I was first given this assignment it made me a bit uneasy. I was nervous about writing an extended essay on one particular topic. Being that there are so many social issues that need to be brought to light I was having a little trouble sticking to just one. However, with some guidance and encouragement I decided to finally settle with the issue of sex in the media. Within this extended essay I will attempt to shine light on the history of sex in advertisement and examples of different ads, prove sex sells any and everything, the role the media plays in our youth’s lives and creates hyperactive sexual development in children between thirteen and seventeen years old and how the media degrade women and associate them as mere objects. I will also provide various definitions of sex in the media, visual representation of gratuitous exposure in the media, statistics and interviews by people who support my position and oppose it.
What is border security? The United States Customs and Border Protection define border security as a “top priority is to keep terrorists and their weapons from entering the U.S. while welcoming all legitimate travelers and commerce. CBP officers and agents enforce all applicable U.S. laws, including against illegal immigration, narcotics smuggling and illegal importation. Therefore, in order for the United States to be successful in securing the nation’s border, there is an essential need for border security. This has not been an easy challenge but it is something that has to be done otherwise imagine how great a disaster our nation would be. For over 86 years, the United States' approach to securing its border with Mexico has seen many changes and improvements, all of which have contributed positively to the prevention of illegal immigration, drug trafficking, and potential terrorism.
Almost every age group is at higher risk for severe flu circumstances. Influenza virus is a kind of single-strain RNA virus with its membranes made of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), both of which are glycoproteins. The vast issue arising these days regarding the control of influenza disease is the development of resistance among the influenza viruses against existing anti-viral drugs that are being approved. Also, these antiviral drugs have a number of side effects. Riboswitches are present in the non-coding region of mRNA that sense changes in the cellular environment and directly mediate appropriate gene control responses. These riboswitches are primarily found in the 5’ untranslated regions of messenger RNAs. Riboswitch can
There are many signs and symptoms of sickle cell anemia. The sickle cell disease usually shows up after an infant is approximately four months old. Anemia is one sign of sickle cell disease. Red blood cells usually live for 120 days before they need to be replaced by new ones. However, sickle cells die off after ten to twenty days. Another symptom of sickle cell anemia is episodes of pain. Episodes of pain are one of the major symptoms of sickle cell anemia. The pain develops because sickle-shaped red blood cells block the flow through tiny blood vessels to your abdomen, joints, and chest. These episodes of pain that occur periodically are called crises. Some patients diagnosed with sickle cell anemia only experience pain a few times in a year, whereas; others can experience various amounts of crises a year. Sometimes if the pain is severe patients may be hospitalized. The pain can also occur in the bones as well. To continue, hand-foot syndrome is also another symptom of sickle cell anemia. Usually a patient will have swollen hands and feet. The s...
Mingst, K. (2011). Essentials of international relations. (5th ed., p. 70-1). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company
The media plays a very big role in the lives of young adults today. Whether it is watching Access Hollywood, checking Perez Hilton’s blog religiously or watching fictitious TV shows and movies every night. All of the media in today’s society must add up to some influence on the teens of America. The media today mostly has lust and sex selling us products on television commercials or provocative ads in magazines, or the media just entertains us for hours on end. The media rarely has a positive influence, as it does not put sexual health messages in it’s television shows, movies, music lyrics, and magazines.
Human Resource Management (HRM) is fundamentally another name for personnel management. It is the process of making sure the employees are as creative as they can be. HRM is a way of grouping the range of activities associated with managing people that are variously categorised under employee relations, industrial/labour relations, personnel management and organisational behaviour. Many academic departments where research and teaching in all these areas take place have adopted the title department of human resources management. HRM is a coordinated approach to managing people that seeks to integrate the various personnel activates so that they are compatible with each other. Therefore the key areas of employee resourcing, employee development, employee reward and employee involvement are considered to be interrelated. Policy-making and procedures in one of these areas will have an impact on other areas, therefore human resources management is an approach that takes a holistic view and considers how various areas can be integrated.
Human Resource Management (HRM) is the strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organization's most esteemed assets - the individuals working there who individually and collectively contribute to the attainment of the objectives of the business. HRM is the organizational function that deals with affairs associated to people such as compensation, procuring, performance administration, organization development, security, wellness, profits, employee inspiration, communication and training. It can additionally be performed by line managers.