Archaeologists have been popular characters in American Fiction at least since the 1920’s. In the movie The Fifth Element directed by Adrian Lyne an archaeologist makes a startling discovery, which kicks off the entire plot for the movie. The setting is a popular one for that of archaeologists which is Egypt in the year 1914.
The archaeologist in this movie was a professor of Italian origins. He was about fifty to sixty years old with gray hair and a beard. He was dressed in nice Italian clothes and of course had an accent. He brought along an apprentice (Billy) who was there to sketch all of the findings. He was portrayed as a bitter man. While he was trying to read the hieroglyphics on the wall, a little Egyptian boy was holding a mirror to reflect most of the light inside the pyramid. If the boy accidentally shifted the mirror or fell asleep the professor would yell at him, he was probably getting paid less than a cent an hour and had to work the entire day with barely any sleep.
The professor and Billy were trying to translate the hieroglyphics found on the wall of the pyramid. I’m sure they were there because Egypt is a great place for an archaeologist to become famous by looking for ancient writings and secret pyramids. A priest opposed the archaeologists because they were finding out very important information that was too valuable for everyone in the world to find out. The priest tried to poison the archaeologist and his partner so that the secret didn’t get out. An alien ship (The Mondochewen) had sensed this danger and showed up at the pyramids to cover up this discovery. The aliens were harmless but the shock of finding out all of this at once made him faint, it may have been a heart attack. They opened up a secret room, which no one could access without a key, and took the treasures that could save the world. The Mondochewen did not believe that the stones were safe on earth anymore so they came and put them somewhere no one would find them. These treasures were stones, which contained the 4 basic elements of life (water, fire, earth, and wind). The myth written on the wall told of absolute evil coming and that these elements gathered around a fifth (Supreme Being) would be the protection of the universe.
The second question frequently asked regarding Schliemann’s legacy examines his motives and skill as an excavator: was Heinrich Schliemann a good archaeologist? This question has two sides. First, did Schliemann use the best techniques and technology available to him at time of his first excavation? Second, did he have the same values that other archaeologists have?
This book is considered an American Classic due to its longevity in popular literature. It also provides the important historical background on the Catholic Church and its impact on the American Southwest. Willa emphasizes, through her writings, the hardships of the people involved in making this part of America what it is today. It points out the influence of the earliest Spanish missionaries of the 16th century through the latter part of the 19th century involving French missionaries and exposes the corruptness as well as the dedication of the missionaries of the church. The book’s main setting is in the 19th century, during the settlement of New Mexico and Colorado and recalls the journeys that a priest undertook and the hardships overcame in order to meet his and the churches goal of bringing the Catholic faith to Mexicans and native Indians. Through his travels and the spiritual work in the beautiful, yet rough environment he was radically transformed. He was especially influenced by the experiences of the westward movement of the agricultural frontier because of the impact of the native people.
The perspective of another society is always subjective, especially when two completely different cultures interact for the first time. In Bernal Diaz del Castillo’s The History of the Conquest of New Spain, the first hand account illustrates a barbaric and pagan society where sacrifices are pervasive in everyday life. However, David Carrasco’s essays titled “The Exaggeration of Human Sacrifice” and “Human Sacrifice / Debt Payments from the Aztec Point of View” shed a significant amount of insight into the religious roles that human sacrifice played in Aztec society rather than the cruel and barbaric connotations which Díaz heavily implied. Based on the readings of Bernal Diaz del Castillo, Carrasco’s essays offered an outside perspective
The United States of America is often known for having more freedom than anywhere else. As Gandhi said, “A ‘no’ uttered from the deepest conviction is better and greater than a ‘yes’ uttered to please, or what is worse, to avoid trouble.” Freedom of speech is a big part of the American culture and citizens are encouraged to speak their minds and opinions openly. It is such an important aspect of each American individual that it is
Egypt had the earliest large scale political economy in Africa. The Egyptians were led by Pharaohs, whose roles were appointed based off of their believed holy lineage. Pharaohs were thought to be descendants of the Egyptian goddess Isis, making them the only people fit to lead Ancient Egypt. The citizen’s strong religious views meant they eagerly followed everything their leaders commanded and this strong devotion is what made it possible to build the pyramids. Devoted Egyptians citizens built the tombs for their rulers over decade long periods as the ultimate tribute. Built from thousands of pounds of limestone many of the pyramids are still standing today. But, much like its preceding civilizations, Egypt’s greatest accomplishments were belittled because Eurocentric explorers refused to believe that black Africans could be responsible for something as grand as the pyramids. This can even be seen in modern culture, where Egyptians are portrayed as white or European, despite being rooted in Africa. The video turns to Afrocentric researcher Cheikh Anta Diop, who attempts to prove Egyptians were dark skinned by pointing to ancient pictures from the tomb of Ramses III, where Egyptians were portrayed as having dark skin like many Africans do today. Even Greeks, who knew Egypt well, believed Egyptians were black (Different but Equal). But Khapoya argues in his book that classifying Egyptians as either ‘black’ or ‘white’ is extremely inaccurate, “Ancient Egyptians had many different shades of skin color, from very light brown Mediterranean-type skins to very dark Nubian-type skins” (Khapoya, 66). Egyptians were very diverse with many different people of many different races living together. Nonetheless Egyptians, whether dark or light skinned, are Africans, and their accomplishments are ultimately African
While digging in the far reaches of the African outback, now know as the western part of Kenya, archaeologist Bozo excavated a site that revolutionized the thoughts of the scientific world. At this site they found many interesting artifacts and paintings that included proof of an early civilization. At this time scientists are calling this civilization “Pontu” after one of the paintings suggested that a pontoon was used for transportation across Lake Victoria, one of the adjacent lakes.
Scott, N. The Daily Life of the Ancient Egyptians. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, New Series, Vol. 31, No. 3, The Daily Life of the Ancient Egyptians (Spring, 1973), pp. 123-170
A very important figure that marked Mexico’s history was not an angel, nor a God but a Mexican peasant his name is Juan Diego. He is very well known in common catholic households; many remember him as the messenger of Virgin de Guadalupe and the Catholic Church. Proud brown looking with a nature ...
In this essay I will tell how the Aztec and Inca empires ended, and also I will compare the fall of both empires, using for a point of departure the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the land of Mexico. Wherever the Spanish went always the same thing happened, from my point of view. Innocent people were killed for no good reason, cities were massacred, civilizations were destroyed or forced to convert to Christianity. And so, I think now is the time to reevaluate the actions of the European explorers who subjugated the native American peoples and their civilizations. Undoubtedly the most glorified and heroically portrayed of these figures of the European conquest of the New World were the conquistadors, the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16-th century. These men, under leaders such as Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizzaro nearly eliminated the Aztec and Inca peoples. Surely many of these soldiers were extremely cruel and intolerant of the native populations. But it is important to consider, with the push of both sides toward territorial expansion, how these groups (European and American) could remain isolated from each other. Furthermore, with meeting of these two imperialist cultures, it must be considered whether it would be possible for the two to peacefully coexist.
W. Raymond Johnson, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, (1996), pp. 65-82, Date viewed 19th may, http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3822115.pdf?&acceptTC=true&jpdConfirm=true
The Oriental Institute featured an exhibit focused on the development of ancient Middle East Pioneers to the Past: American Archaeologists in the Middle East 1919–20 January 12 - August 29, 2010. And this was the exhibit I found most intriguing and most i...
Maspero, Gaston. Manual Of Egyptian Archaeology And Guide To The Study Of Antiquities In Egypt. 1895. Print.
According to The Society for American Archaeology, the definition of Archaeology is, “to obtain a chronology of the past, a sequence of events and dates that, in a sense, is a backward extension of history.” The study of ancient civilizations and archaeology is rather ambiguous due to the primitive nature of the time period. With little imagery and even less textual evidence, professionals in the field must work diligently when studying their subjects. Naturally, archaeologists cannot see or communicate with those whom they are studying, so they must be extraordinarily meticulous when analyzing past cultures. This relates to all aspects of the ancient world including; foods, raw materials, artifacts, agriculture, art work and pottery. All of these elements can collectively provide new and innovative information to curious archaeologists who may wish to gain a better understanding of those who came before us. This information is equally beneficial for both historians and archaeologists who plan to compare the histories of societies from all around the world. In the world of archaeology, archaeologists strive to better explain human behavior by analyzing our past. Therefore, the study of archaeology is a key element in understanding a time before our own.
According to Jenkins (2009), a leader must be able to influence, motivate and empower others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organization. The use of right leadership style is also paramount to influence the effectiveness of change in the organization. (Jenkins, 2009) Therefore, leadership self-assessment is an important tool for leaders to understand their personal leadership style, traits, characteristics, behaviours, and cognitions so that organizational change can be successful (Edmunds, n.d.)
In this paper I will discuss what leadership is. I will give the reader insight on the skills; knowledge, and relationships needed for good leadership. I will also discuss leadership versus management; the differences between leadership and management; the pros and cons of good leadership; types of leadership; and lastly my own life experiences in relation to leadership and becoming a leader. I will be putting the reader in a position to gain the knowledge of what it takes to become a great leader as a manager in Corporate America today.