ce Erwin Erikson’s 3rd stage of Child Development 17 Mar. 2017 Erik Erickson believed that development was a lifelong process. He divided it into eight stages that range from childhood to adulthood. Each stage has a crisis. If this is not completed, one cannot continue to the next stage. The third stage of development is called Initiative vs. Guilt. This particular stage focuses on children finding a sense of purpose. It is evident that you have to have self-initiative before you can advance to the fourth stage of development. By their preschool years, a child should have completed the first two stages of development. This means that they are able to trust others, and are becoming aware of their abilities. In the third stage, children …show more content…
Although a child needs to become more independent in this stage, it is a myth that a preschooler must be independent before they start school. It is natural for young children to be dependent on their parents. They will still be successful in class. Play and imagination take an important role in the third stage of development. (Kendra) At the preschool age, children are free to play and think as they please. When a child tries to engage in play with another child, and is shot down, it makes them feel embarrassed. Another source of this kind of embarrassment is when a child’s parents ignore their imaginations and desires. It is important for caregivers to listen to their children. If they ignore their questions, then it will cause the child to feel like a nuisance. These kinds of outcomes will affect a child, making them not want to experience them ever again. The child will feel guilty when they want to use their own initiative and try new things. Extreme guilt is unhealthy, but some is necessary. Without it, the child will lack self-control. (McLeod) Children …show more content…
Like mentioned before, to succeed in the fourth stage of development, a child must have self-initiative. The fourth stage of development is called Industry vs. Inferiority. In this stage, a child’s peer groups become more important because they are the main source of their self-esteem. The child will begin to do things to win the approval of his or her peers. Having approval will lead to a feeling of accomplishment. If a child does not have initiative, they will not be able to make friends that will build a peer group for them. Without the peer group, they will be unable to feel successful. (McLeod) During the fourth stage, a child becomes aware of their abilities. If a child feels like their initiative only leads to failure, they will never try new things. If they don’t, then they will never be able to find their strengths in the fourth stage. It is important that they are aware of their strengths so they can use them in their everyday lives. Lastly, it is important to note that in the third stage children begin to think more cognitively. The fourth stage occurs around the ages of 6 and 7. By this time, students are getting actual feedback like grades for their efforts. Their cognitive ways will help them think about the real quality of their work.
Piaget was firm in his concept of these stages. He was convinced that a person had to progress from one stage to the next, that this was a natural biological process influenced by the environment and experiences. Biology limits the point in time, but the environment determines the quality of development.
In matter of relationships, I have only few friends; I tend to be very selective in the circle in which I move, and I do not welcome all types of people into my world. According to Erik Erikson theory of personality, I have been significantly influenced by the stage four: industry vs. inferiority. According to this theory, these behaviors might have an explanation that goes back from my childhood. Erikson points out that at stage four, children need to be reinforced positively for activities at school, in sports, or artistic fields in order to cultivate a high self-concept and a meaning of industriousness. If the child 's efforts are perceived as inadequate, feelings of social and mental inferiority can move stealthily into adulthood, (Maitland,
This stage deals with 1 to 3 year olds. This is when children learn to show
Erikson believed that people develop in psychosocial stages. He emphasized developmental change throughout the human life span. In Erikson's theory, eight stages of development result as we go through the life span. Each stage consists of a crisis that must be faced. According to Erikson, this crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point. The more an individual resolves the crises successfully, the healthier development will be.
These are symbolic abilities which generally begin after the infant has learned to crawl, stand, walk, and develop more mobile abilities.... ... middle of paper ... ... Even though the stages stop at the fourth one, it does not mean that the intellectual learning stops. Adulthood is from the time you exit the concrete operational stage all the way until it is impossible for you to learn anymore.
Erickson theorized 8 stages of psychosocial development. One stage I will focus on is where children ages six to eleven are developing either a sense of industry or inferiority. According to Erickson, when children are praised for doing their best and encouraged to complete tasks, industry may result. This leads to positive academic achievement. A child 's effort to successfully complete a task help to form a positive self-concept and self-esteem. Self concept is a sense of who you are while self esteem is if you like what you see in the mirror (Snowman). Inferiority occurs if a child is treated as bothersome and their efforts to complete a task are unsuccessful. This sense of inferiority can result in a lack of enjoyment in intellectual work and lead to the belief that they cannot be good at anything. This leads to a low self-esteem and self- concept
Erikson stated that the development of children between 5 to 12 years old mostly happen in school and they are using social interaction frequently. School is the place to train children to adapt to society and master their knowledge and skills which is necessary for life in the future. So children in this stage are trying their best to strengthen their muscle, sensory and physical skills in order to overcome all the challenges form the society. Children in this stage realise that they need to have some result in this society, they work very hard to get the distinction in their result, but they are also worry that they will fail. In this stage, if they get encourage for their hardworking, specially from parent, teacher, peers or neighbour, they will feel industrious, competence and belief in their skills. If they get too much negative feedback, they start to feel inferior and lose
Initiative versus guilt are the possible outcomes and purpose is the virtue (Erikson, 1963). Erikson stated unresolved sexual feeling towards the opposite parent can lead to guilt and shame (1963). Stage four, school age children have a bigger world to explore. A balance of approval and limits are crucial (Berzoff, 2011). Ego competence is being shaped in the sense the discovery and the mastery of new abilities and talents.
The final stage of development is the superego. The superego is when a person realizes that his or her actions have an effect on others and tempers his or her actions accordingly. Look at the child from the previous example. Had he not stolen the item because he knew it may hurt the owners of the store he would have a developed
The second stage is autonomy verses shame and doubt. This occurs from about 18 months of age to 3 years old. The basic virtue of this stage is will; can they do things on their own or do they require the help of others? Erikson believed that children around this age wanted to develop a greater sense...
The second stage is autonomy vs. shame and doubt, which is when we acquire a sense of will and realization of an inability to be completely autonomous (Mcleod, 2017). During this stage I developed the ability to move independently and take minor actions at my own will, like eating, playing, and being able to communicate with others. Another integral part of this stage in my development that was discovered is my inability to do exactly everything on my own. An example of my incomplete autonomy I discovered from talking with my mother is that as a young child I would frequently desire cookies from the high counter, and due to my stature I was unable to independently satisfy this need. This is when my limitations became clear and I used the assistance of my much taller parents to fulfill my wish.
During this stage, children will be building up their incidents or encounters through adaptation and slowly move on to the next stage of the development as they are not able to have logical or transformational ideas in the preoperational stage (Mcleod, 2009).
In Erickson’s Stages of Development a child in middle childhood, (or children from age six to age eleven), move through the industry versus inferiority stage. This stage is marked by the child working to gain new skills and in general just being productive (Click P. M., Parker J., 2002, p. 89). A child who is successful in their attempts will gain confidence in themselves and move on into adolescence firmly on the industrious side. A child who is not successful in acquiring the skills they try will move on to the adolescent stage with the mindset that they are inferior to their peers.
Initiative vs. Guilt that happens between 3 and 5 years is the stage that follows. During this stage, children take more initiative to engage with peers. Erikson explains that during this stage, if children are given the opportunity to take initiative, they will develop a sense of security in their ability to lead. The basic virtue at this stage is purpose. Industry vs. Inferiority, which happens between 5 and 12 years, emphasizes school and friendships.
The infancy stage of development begins with the child is born, and continues until about eighteen months. During this stage a lot of growth takes place, especially physical growth. This stage of development coincides with Erikson’s stage of trust vs. mistrust.