Analysis of Smetana's The Moldau

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The Moldau is a beautiful piece of instrumental music with a flair for nationalism from the Romantic period. It is program music that describes the river Moldau. It is a symphonic poem in structure and form. It is an orchestral arrangement that is broken into sections rich in musical concepts. Smetana’s The Moldau is very representative of late 19th century music.
Romantic Period – The Moldau demonstrates Smetana’s own personal feelings about his homeland of today’s Czechoslovakia. He is able to express his patriotism and romanticism through his combinations of diverse instruments, musical contrasts, and touch of folk tunes. His representation of nature creates music that can be easily understood.
Program Music – The Moldau is a descriptive piece of program music. It portrays the river Moldau from its beginning to its end at the river Elbe. Smetana wrote the program for The Moldau: “The composition depicts the course of the river, beginning from its two small sources, one cold and the other warm, the joining of both streams into one, then the flow of the Moldau through forests and across meadows, through the countryside where merry feasts are celebrated; water nymphs dance in the moonlight; on nearby rocks can be seen the outline of ruined castles, proudly soaring into the sky. The Moldau swirls through the St. John Rapids and flows in a broad stream toward Prague. It passes Vysehrad (where an ancient royal castle once stood), and finally the river disappears in the distance as it flows majestically into the Elbe.”
Symphonic Poem Structure – The Moldau’s symphonic poem form helped listeners envision the course of the river Moldau. It was written in one unbroken movement that lacked the strict sonata form of th...

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...ver Moldau comes to an end the music quiets to pianissimo and then ends with two loud chords.

Smetana uses dynamics, tempo, line, texture, and color to create this masterpiece. The Moldau is written with a wide range of dynamics in an allegro commodo non agitato (fast, not agitated) tempo. The line or main melody of each section returns over and over again creating sections that are easily followed. Smetana also varies the number of instruments he uses to create a light or thick texture. He begins with two flutes and ends with the full orchestra. Each section seems to use the unique color or timbre of the chosen instruments to help describe the scenes surrounding the river Moldau. Smetana purposefully uses contrast within each technique to create this impressive piece of program music. The Moldau is a great example of music from the Romantic period.

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