Anger versus Mildness: Aristotle’s examination of anger was an early version of Freud’s frustration–aggression hypothesis. People usual get angry when they feel that they are being prevented from fulfilling their need; when they are reminded of slights they become very angry. On the other hand, show them that the offender is sorry, deserves praise, or has great power, and the audience become calm (Griffin 2012). Love or Friendship versus Hatred: In relations with contemporary research on attraction, Aristotle noted that commonality is an important factor to mutual warmth. The speaker can present such common grounds such as goals, experiences, attitudes, and desires to the people. On the negative, “a common enemy can be used to create solidarity” …show more content…
Kaid (2004) noted that the use of political advertising in the United States carries the commercial coloration as a “promotional device whose use is dependent upon the market economy and the right and ability to purchase the means to promote products or services or, in the case of politics, candidates or ideas”. As such, most scholars studying political advertising think of it in the light of the traditional sense of advertising. For instance, many countries do not require or even allow their candidates or parties to purchase space or time for political advertising as they give free time on public broadcast stations for candidates to advertise themselves, opinions and ideas on issues about their suitability for the position they are vying …show more content…
This led them to include in their definition “all moving image programming that is designed to promote the interests of a given party or candidate” and incorporated “any programming format under the control of the party or candidate and for which time is given or purchased on a broadcast (or narrowcast) outlet”. In the strive to take in all what political advertising entails this definition did not address promotion by printed means and it did not project the arrival of new media such as the internet and social networking
Aggression is any behavior that results in physical or emotional injury to a person or animal, or one that leads to property damage or destruction. Kostenik,et. al, (2014) identified that aggression can either be physical or verbal. Aggression is a behavior characterized by verbal or physical attack, yet it may be appropriate and self-protective or destructive and violent (Perry, 2007). Further, aggression is a spontaneous, impulsive act of anger. It is observable behavior which can depreciate, threaten, or hurt a person or destroy an object. It is unplanned and usually occurs during times of stress (Long and Brendtro, cited by Zirpoli, 2014). Aggression is viewed as a loss of self-control or an impulse break-through. Aggressive
Liasson, Mara. "Do Political Ads Actually Work?" National Public Radio. NPR, 26 Oct. 2012. Web. 07 Mar. 2014.
The free-market economy is based on supply and demand. The idea is that products will be manufactured and sold at adjusted levels such that a fair market price is maintained. In other words the selling price of an item will vary based on the demand and supply of that item, adjusting as economic conditions change. Advertising has a large effect on how the free-market functions. Alan Goldman, in an excerpt from Just Business (1983, found in Honest work by Ciulla, Martin and Solomon), justifies advertising in the free-market economy using four main arguments, that “it is consistent in a free- market economy”, ”it is not wasteful of economic resources”, “it provides certain indirect social benefits”, and it is “a valuable source of information” (Goldman, 1983, p.301). Goldman claims that for each one of these reasons there is a necessary and immediate need for advertising if our market economy is going to function properly and we will discuss his arguments below.
Late one evening, curled up in her nest, Harriet lay thoughtfully reading the last of Aristotle’s model of friendships: the perfect friendship. Though no secret to Harriet, Aristotle presents the idea that it is the most desirable and genuine of the three forms. The foundation of this friendship is not trivial, but instead the relationship is built on a common good and virtuous nature. As Aristotle explains, “those who love for the sake of utility love for the sake of what is good for themselves, and those who love for the sake of pleasure do so for the sake of what is pleasant to themselves.” Aristotle continues, “Perfect friendship is the friendship of men who are good, and alike in virtue; for those wish well alike to each other qua good, and they are good in themselves.” (concluding sentence or two...)
Friendship is undoubtedly one of the most important elements in the books of Aristotle’s ethical principles. Aristotle takes the idea of friendship to a serious degree. He categorizes them into three groups or types of friendships. This report will attempt to define each type of friendship as well as identify the role of friendship in a society.
Excerpt: "When we’re first betrayed by someone we relied on to love and protect us, we may be frightened by our own rage. Years or even decades later, we may be frightened of letting go of that anger. We may resist moving forward because we are not yet ready to detach from our suffering." - Harriet Lerner, Ph.D., Psychology Today
Seneca who was a Roman philosopher between 4 B.C and 65 B.C has given his opinion about anger in his essay 'On Anger '. This essay will illustrate his views on anger by looking at his definition on anger, the discordances of anger with nature, the decision and causes to start anger, his argument on anger and the remedies of it.
emphasized a lack of restraint. Popular psychology identified “the positive aspects of anger” and encouraged couples to communicate their desires to one another.
The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) is a widely used assessment that measures the intensity of anger and one’s own anger expression trait (Miller & Lovler, 2016). The STAXI-2 can be utilized in several different aspects such as health and criminal law. There have been several studies that have lent support of the reliability of the STAX-2. Among the support and findings of hits on the STAXI-2 there has also been results of measurement error that indicate an improvement on the assessment for false positives, false negatives, and misses.
Aristotle presents his view of the mutual desire for good in others, or Friendship in his work, The Nicomachean Ethics. He asserts that friendship comes in three types, Virtue Friendship, Use Friendship, and Pleasure Friendship. He distinguishes Virtue Friendship as the perfect friendship, leaving Use Friendship and Pleasure friendship as deficient friendships. C.S. Lewis presents his view of friendship, which is motivated by appreciation love, in his book The Four Loves in a manner seeming to correspond to Aristotle’s concept of Virtue Friendship. Lewis also presents his perception of Companionship, which seems to correspond to Aristotle’s notion of Use and Pleasure Friendships. Lewis presents a more modern and seemingly accurate rehabilitation
“Negative advertising gets the supporters committed and excited” (Bike 1). What Bike is trying to say is that negative advertisement gets people excited and wanting to look into that specific person. This essay is going to be about how negative advertisement should be allowed. People should have the right to pledge whatever they want to pledge in. “ A ban on negative political advertising would open the political world up to those who don’t want to be expose themselves to media bullies” (Admin 2). I believe that if people are scared to expose themselves then they must have something to hide. Even though negative things said about those candidates are not true, I believe that negative political advertisement should be allowed because negative advertisement makes people want to look more into that specific candidate and we are emotionally attached to negativity.
According to Kirby Deater and Deckard in their article “Anger”, anger is a complex psychological behaviour which has its own structure. Some researchers believe in that anger is an overwhelming emotion that has effects on man's personality, as well as it indicates the different perspective by which people
Aristotle wrote on many subjects in his lifetime but one of the virtues that he examines more extensively is friendship. Aristotle believes that there are three different kinds of friendship: utility, pleasure, and virtuous friendships. He also argues that a real friendship should be highly valued because it is a complete virtue and he believes it to be greater than honor and justice. Aristotle suggests that human’s love of utility and pleasure is the only reason why the first two types of friendships exist. Aristotle also argues that humans only set up these types of relationships for personal gain. But when he speaks of the virtuous friendships, Aristotle states that it is one of the greatest attainments one can achieve.
The research on trait anger yields many different definitions. One of the most common definitions found referred to trait anger as the predisposition to observe several situations as frustrating and experience frequent states of anger. Anger in terms of the emotion itself was defined as “a basic emotion experienced by almost all human beings in response to the unwanted and unexpected behavior of others” (Tafrate, Kassinove, Dundin, 2002, p. 1573). There is a clear consensus that the emotion anger is experienced frequently my most. The difference in trait anger is that it is imbedded in one’s personality and tends to affect the way one views and reacts to the world. It especially affects those high in trait anger. Individuals with high trait anger may feel enraged often and can be sensitive to being treated unfairly. Trait anger can consist of interrelated elements of cynical beliefs and attributions, angry emotional states and aggressive or antagonistic behaviors.
...maintain that advertising exists primarily to create demand among consumers. People have certain types of wants and needs, and they are perfectly capable to discover it for themselves. People today just need food, clothing and shelter everything else is superfluous and additional stuff. Advertising are able to create demand that would not exist just by manipulating people’s min and emotions. Advertising is master in manipulate reality and fantasy, by creating “magic show.” It is true that advertising has been a powerful mechanism that distorts our whole society’s values and priorities. On the other hand, advertising educate people about several issues. In political terms, it moves mass of people and persuade them to vote for a candidate. And, of course, in terms of economy, contributes in the development through the consumption of the costumer.