In this experiment several reactions were performed in order to differentiate between aldehydes, ketones, and also to identify the unknown compound given. The first reaction was using the Tollens reagent with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and butanone. The Tollens test was positive for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, since aldehydes and tollens reagent is the only reaction that will be positive with a precipitate of silver mirrors. In contrast, butanone s a ketone, which with tollens reagent will not result in a silver mirror. Then the same procedure was followed but instead of Tollens reagent, dilute permanganate was used. The only positive reaction was with acetaldehyde, which resulted in a brown precipitate. Once, again the same procedures were followed with unknown # 4 for the tollens test and dilute permanganate, which …show more content…
Then several reactions were performed with the Schiff’s Reagent, using formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butanone and the unknown #4. The results were positive for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, negative results for butanone and unknown #4. The results indicated that Schiff's reagent gives a positive test with aldehydes and it is also known to be positive with small cyclic ketones. The next step was to add bisulfate with benzaldehyde which resulted positive, resulting in a white precipitate. In the other hand 3-pentanone plus bisulfite, and unknown + bisulfate, both resulted negative. Following the next step, the iodoform test was performed, the reaction of butanone and the iodoform solution resulted positive, the brown color of the iodine/potassium iodide reagent disappeared and a yellow precipitate of CHI3 formed. The procedure was repeated using benzaldehyde and also for the unknown #4, which both resulted negative not turning yellow. The iodoform reagent is known to react with methyl aldehydes and methyl ketones, meaning that the unknown used was not any of
Then, an amount of KI (solid) about a size that would fit on a match head was dissolved in 0.05 of Potassium Iodate solution and about 1 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M HCl were added, which exhibited a weak positive test for IO_3^- (aq). After the weak positive test, an amount of KI (solid) about a size that would fit on a match head was dissolved in about 1 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M HCl, which exhibited a negative
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
The goal of this two week lab was to examine the stereochemistry of the oxidation-reduction interconversion of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol and 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. The purpose of first week was to explore the oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone and see how the reduction of the ketone will affect the stereoselectivity. The purpose of first week is to oxidize the alcohol, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol, to ketone just so that it can be reduced back into the alcohol to see how OH will react. The purpose of second week was to reduce 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol from first week and determine the effect of the product's diastereoselectivity by performing reduction procedures using sodium borohydride The chemicals for this lab are sodium hypochlorite, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone
The primary goal of this laboratory project was to identify an unknown compound and determine its chemical and physical properties. First the appearance, odor, solubility, and conductivity of the compound were observed and measured so that they could be compared to those of known compounds. Then the cation present in the compound was identified using the flame test. The identity of the anion present in the compound was deduced through a series of chemical tests (Cooper, 2009).
In a separate beaker, acetone (0.587 mL, 8 mmol) and benzaldehyde (1.63 mL, 16 mmol) were charged with a stir bar and stirred on a magnetic stirrer. The beaker mixture was slowly added to the Erlenmeyer flask and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Every 10 minutes, a small amount of the reaction mixture was spotted on a TLC plate, with an eluent mixture of ethyl acetate (2 mL) and hexanes (8 mL), to monitor the decrease in benzaldehyde via a UV light. When the reaction was complete, it was chilled in an ice bath until the product precipitated, which was then vacuum filtrated. The filter cake was washed with ice-cold 95% ethanol (2 x 10 mL) and 4% acetic acid in 95% ethanol (10 mL). The solid was fluffed and vacuum filtrated for about 15 minutes. The 0.688 g (2.9 mmol, 36.8%, 111.3-112.8 °C) product was analyzed via FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and the melting point was obtained via
Discussion and Conclusions: Interpreting these results have concluded that relative reactivity of these three anilines in order of most reactive to least reactive go; Aniline > Anisole > Acetanilide. Aniline, has an NH2 , the most active substituent , and adds to any ortho/para position available on the ring. This data is confirmed with the product obtained, (2,4,6 tribromoaniline, mp of 108-110 C). As for anisole, it has a strongly activating group attached, OMe an alkoxy group, and it added in two of the three available spots, both ortho. The results conclude: (2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C ). Acetanilide has a strong activating group attached, acylamino group, but this group is large and the ortho positions are somewhat hindered so the majority of the product obtained added at the para position, results conclude: (p-bromoacetanilide mp 160-165 C). Since all the substituents attached to the aromatic rings were activators the only products able to be obtained were ortho/para products.
Purpose/Introduction: In this experiment, four elimination reactions were compared and contrasted under acidic (H2SO4) and basic (KOC(CO3)3) conditions. Acid-catalyzed dehydration was done on 2-butanol and 1-butanol; a 2o and 1o alcohol, respectively. The base-induced dehydrobromination was performed on 2-bromobutane and 1-bromobutane isomeric halides. The stereochemistry and regiochemistry of the four reactions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) to determine product distribution (assuming that the amount of each product in the gas mixture is proportional to the area under its complementary GC peak).
Introduction For this lab, a number of reactions were performed to aid in the identification of a set of cations. This process was performed to show the effects various chemicals have on the given set of cations. The method through which this experiment was performed included mixing two reactants, a cation and a chemical compound, then examining whether or not a precipitate was created by the mixture. If a precipitate did form, the mixture was then centrifuged to solidify whatever insoluble material was created.
The butyl ethanoate ester can only be synthesised during the reflux stage. The ester will continue to be synthesised from the butanol and ethanoic acid until the point where the absence of the limiting reagent prevents further condensation from taking place. Butanol can be considered as the limiting reagent, preventing the total yield of butyl ethanoate which is obtained. Once all of the butanol has been consumed through the reaction with ethanoic acid, the reaction will continue in the reverse direction in an attempt to rejuvenate the supply of butanol. The reverse of condensation is referred to as hydrolysis, a chemical process which produces and alcohol and carboxylic acid when an ester is reacted with water in acidic conditions.
Elizabeth Ochoa | 15492972 Post Lab | 40862 INTRODUCTION Elimination Reactions and Gas Chromatography Reagents undergo different mechanisms when made to react depending on temperature exposure and the type of solvent used. Elimination, substitution, and addition reactions are constantly in competition with each other. However, when these same reagents are made to interact under high temperatures, the products predominantly observed are elimination products. Ultimately, through this experiment different reagents are going to be used and exposed to different conditions.
Identifying unknown compounds is a crucial application of chemistry, regardless of the situation, and there are many techniques that can be employed to achieve the same goal. Both this experiment and the research intended to develop a way to quickly and accurately identify a compound, and used known chemical principles to decisively predict the its properties. Discovering that information is important in both situations, as it allows the experimenter to safely handle and dispose of an unknown
Objective: The objective of the experiment is to determine what factors cause a change in speed of a reaction. It is also to decide if the change is correlated with the balanced equation of the reaction and, therefore, predictable. To obtain a reaction, permanganate, MnO_4^(1-), must be reduced by oxalic acid, C_2 O_4 H_2. The balanced equation for the reaction is:
Synthesis and Characterization of Aspirin Product Identity and Purity After synthesizing a chemical, especially a drug, it is important to confirm the identity and purity of the product. You will perform three tests to examine the identity and purity of the aspirin that you synthesized. One test will detect the presence of leftover salicylic acid in the synthesized aspirin and allow you to determine its concentration. Government regulations stipulate that commercial aspirin must not contain residual salicylic acid since it is irritating to the mouth, throat, and stomach. Iron salts react with phenols to form a complex ion that has a purple color, therefore iron (III) chloride can be used to determine if your aspirin sample contains residual salicylic acid.
In this lab, it was determined how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is affected by physical factors such as enzyme concentration, temperature, and substrate concentration affect. The question of what factors influence enzyme activity can be answered by the results of peroxidase activity and its relation to temperature and whether or not hydroxylamine causes a reaction change with enzyme activity. An enzyme is a protein produced by a living organism that serves as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and does so by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. With that energy reactants are brought together so that products can be formed.
Recently 4á, 5á,6á-trihydroxygeranyl acetat; 6-(9,9-dimethylbutyl) phenol; 1-cyclohexyl-3, 4-dihydroxybenzene; 2, 3, 12, 13-tetrahydroxy-10, 15[a, f] – phenyl xanth-17-one; 2, 3, 13, 14- tetrahydroxy-15, 16-[a, f] – phynyl-7H-anthracen-18-one and 3- hydroxynaphthalenyl-6, 7-ã-lactone have been isolated (Indu, Ali & Onkar, 2006).