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Synthesis and characterization of aspirin
Synthesis and characterization of aspirin
Synthesis of aspirin. practical report
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Synthesis and Characterization of Aspirin
Product Identity and Purity
After synthesizing a chemical, especially a drug, it is important to confirm the identity and purity of the product. You will perform three tests to examine the identity and purity of the aspirin that you synthesized. One test will detect the presence of leftover salicylic acid in the synthesized aspirin and allow you to determine its concentration. Government regulations stipulate that commercial aspirin must not contain residual salicylic acid since it is irritating to the mouth, throat, and stomach. Iron salts react with phenols to form a complex ion that has a purple color, therefore iron (III) chloride can be used to determine if your aspirin sample contains residual salicylic acid. The second test uses melting point to evaluate the purity of your aspirin product. You will measure the melting point of pure acetylsalicylic acid (135°C) as a comparison to your product. The melting point of a pure aspirin sample should be within 1°C of its known melting point. A compound that contains impurities will tend to melt over a range of temperatures and at temperatures lower than the fixed mp for the pure compound. For example naphthalene, an ingredient of mothballs, has a melting point of 80°C and a pure sample of naphthalene would most likely be observed to melt within 80-81°C. An impure sample of naphthalene might melt over a range from 75-80 °C. Impurities in the crystals of the compound weaken the structure, which results in the compound melting at a lower temperature. In addition, impurities will be unevenly distributed throughout a sample of a compound. This non-uniform composition results in some areas of the sample being more “pure” than othe...
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...in a 1:1 ratio to form a purple colored complex. In the phosphate lab you learned to use spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of an unknown. An iron solution and salicylic acid will be available, as well as pipettes and volumetric flasks. In the density lab you learned to develop your own procedure for an experiment. You should be able to use spectrophotometry to determine the amount of salicylic acid in your aspirin. You will need to create a calibration graph and use it to determine the quantity of salicylic acid in your sample. Report this as a percentage. Think about how you will accomplish this before you come to lab. You may have to try several variations. Feel free to discuss your ideas with your classmates on how to achieve this goal.
WASTE DISPOSAL
Reference: Operational Organic Chemistry, 3rd edition by John W. Lehman (1999)
edu/cgi-bin/text?lookup=plut.+alc.+8.1&vers= english;loeb&browse=1, December 1999). 5. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'?
Opiates are a class of drugs that are used for chronic pain. Opioids are substances that are used to relieve pain by binding opiate receptors throughout the body, and in the brain. These areas in the brain control pain and also emotions, producing a feeling of excitement or happiness. As the brain gets used to these feelings, and the body builds a tolerance to the opioids, there is a need for more opioids and then the possibility of addiction.
The geriatric population is rapidly growing as individuals continue to benefit from medical advances and pharmaceutical treatments. A large number of this population will need to take some form of medication to maintain a functional lifestyle. Multiple medications can affect the elderly population differently than younger generations. This paper will discuss how polypharmacy impacts geriatrics and the will focus specifically on analgesics and antihistamines. It will also examine demographic factors, changes within the aging body, prescription and nonprescriptive medications, and the role of the nurse practitioner when caring for these patients.
Although the comorbidities and type of surgery dictate certain decisions in managing patient care, anesthesiologists maintain various modalities for the perioperative period. These consist of anything from local to regional anesthesia, including neuraxial techniques and peripheral nerve blocks, as well as monitored anesthesia care with sedation to general anesthesia. Overlapping of different anesthetic types and combinations of regional analgesics to supplement general anesthesia occur frequently.
A common recreational drug that is illegally dealt is Heroin. To many this drug is known by a few slang/street names, some being; smack, brown stone and junk (Tracy, 2012). Heroin is a highly addictive opiate that caused many different issues regarding physical and mental health. It can be consumed in 3 different ways: snorting, injecting and smoking. The original purpose of heroin is far different then the purpose that it is used for today in society. In 1874, heroin was first produced from morphine and 24 years later began its journey in the field of medicine to help morphine addicted patients (Scott, 1998). After use of the medicine it became present that the drug was just as addictive as morphine and was in turn creating patients to become addicted to the new drug. In 1902, doctors ceased the use of heroin in the medical field and a few years following, 8 years later, the first case of a heroin addict was admitted to a hospital for treatment (Scott, 1998). The drug is no longer used for a medical purposes but is still present in the legal drug selling market. Many countries have stiff penalties if caught in possession of or are selling heroin, because this drug is listed as a Class A drug (“Opium, Morphine, Heroin”, n.d.).
Aspartame has been known as one of the most famous sweeteners and additives to food. Since its discovery in 1965-1969, it has now been developed into a commercial product in which several products use it to enhance its sweetness and taste. Because of this, it has also been a very prosperous commercial product where its company developers get much profit on. Nonetheless, it has been the subject of issue and controversy. Several reports and studies rebuke the suitability of it being a food product stating that it is more known as a poison. Therefore, in this essay, the advantages and limitations of Aspartame as a chemical food additive will be analyzed and evaluated with regards to Economic and environmental factors. Also, the physiological effect of this chemical additive will be looked upon and discussed.
Opium, the first opioid, is derived from the sap of opium poppies, whose growth and cultivation dates back to the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia around 3400 BC. Egyptians and Persians initially used opium. Eventually spreading to various parts of Europe, India, China, and the Middle East. During the 18th century, physicians in the U.S. used opium as a therapeutic agent for multiple purposes, including relieving pain in cancer, spasms from tetanus, and pain attendant to menstruation and childbirth. It was merely towards the end of the 18th century that some physicians came to recognize the addictive quality of opium.
The purpose of this experiment was to learn and preform an acid-base extraction technique to separate organic compounds successfully and obtaining amounts of each component in the mixture. In this experiment, the separation will be done by separatory funnel preforming on two liquids that are immiscible from two layers when added together. The individual components of Phensuprin (Acetylsalicylic acid, Acetanilide, and Sucrose as a filler) was separated based upon their solubility and reactivity, and the amount of each component in the mixture was obtained. Also, the purity of each component will be determined by the melting point of the component.
9. Get your stopwatch ready and drop the Alka-Seltzer tablet at the same time you started the timer. 10. When it finishes dissolving (you can see through the water and there is no more fizzing.) stop the timer and record the results. 11.
Prescription drug abuse has become a major epidemic across the globe, shattering and affecting many lives of young teenagers. Many people think that prescription drugs are safer and less addictive than “street drugs.” After all, these are drugs that moms, dads, and even kids brothers and sisters use. The dangers are not easily seen, but the future of our youth will soon be in severe danger if the problem is not addressed,it will continue to get worse if action is not taken soon. Prescription drugs are only supposed to be consumed by patients who have been examined and have a medical report by a professional, more and more teens are turning to the family’s medicine cabinet to “get high” but what they are actually doing is severely harming themselves, kids today are turning away from the street drugs and abusing the “prescribed” drugs that are that are at their very own home.
Analysis of Aspirin Tablets Aim --- To discover the percentage of acetylsalicylic acid in a sample of aspirin tablets. ----------------------------------------------------------------- In order to do this, the amount of moles that react with the sodium hydroxide must be known. This is achieved by using the method of back titration.
Bam! Bam! Bam! Have you ever hear this deaf- making, irritating sound from water bottle flipping? Hearing this noise in schools and houses, is so annoying for millions of people. Even some schools banned bottle flipping. Bam! I get it why some adults and kids don’t like this sound and I don’t get why you get so happy when it landed. That’s why I want to talk to my friends and kids, to not flip water bottles anywhere from public to private places.
Taking different kind of painkillers have some benefit to the injured person and at the same time there come with risked. Athletes whether they are old or young who have been injured during the game or outside sport activities would tend to have issue and would get prescription painkillers to ease their pain. Adult athletes will easily obtain the painkillers prescription from their doctor or physician. High school athletes can obtain them easily like the adult and most of them use the drugs for non-medical reason. This cause a huge problem to the athletes as they are risking their health, but also getting into huge problems with professional sport leagues as they take their drug policy very serious. The athletes will either suspended or banned from sports for life if they are abusing drugs, it will cause the end of their career as athletes, and will have health problem. Every young aspiring athletes who dream to become professional need to know this so they would not make a wrong decision along the way from high school to college to
A. a 0.112 per cent w/v solu-tion of orthophosphoric acid adjusted to pH 7.0 using a 4.2 per cent solution of sodium hydroxide,
What does pain mean to you? Pain is a tense feeling that tells you something may be wrong. There’s physical pain- acute and or chronic, emotional pain, and also a phrase known as “pain in the ass”- which is where something or someone is being annoying and or troublesome.