Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Language development theory
Language development theory
Nature of language development
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Ainu is spoken in the far northern islands of Japan in Hokkaidô. This is an island about 83,530 square feet, which is about one fifth the size of Japan. It is surrounded by coasts and has mountains, lakes, and rivers. Speakers of Ainu live on southern Sakhalin. Earlier, but they used to live in Kuril Islands and Kamchatka. They even lived in the northeast region of Honshű. Ainu is believed to have origins in Siberia and the southern Pacific (Gall & Hobby, 2009). This non-Japanese language means “human” or people (Leeming 2010). There are currently around 1,200 to 2,400 speakers of Ainu that are residing in Hokkaidô. (Leeming 2010). According to Gall and Hobby, Ainu belongs to a Paleo-Asiatic or a Paleo-Siberian community of languages. It consists of two dialects called Hokkaidô and Sakhalin, which are subdivided into other minor dialects (Gall & Hobby, 2009).
The Ainu are people that live a conventional life revolving around hunting, fishing, gathering plants and raising millets. However in recent years, rice and dry-crop cultivation and commercial fishing have replaced these. The Ainu people use trained dogs for hunting and nets for fishing. They also use the bow and arrow, the spear, and other traps to hunt animals. Their economy was very different from their Japanese, Korean, and Chinese agriculturalist neighbors (Ohnuki-Tierney 1996).
The Ainu religion is pantheistic. They believe that there is a god of mountains and a god of water, which is why they hunt, fish, and gather food in mild quantities so they do not upset these Gods. In Hokkaidô, there is also dairy farming, forestry, mining, food processing, woodworking, and paper industries. They also believe that animals are visitors from another world. The most respect i...
... middle of paper ...
...e lesson television program in Hokkaidô that provided lessons in different dialects of Ainu (Gall & Hobby, 2009).
The family life of the Ainu women consists of weaving and embroidering. It also consists of gathering plants and taking care of children who are home-schooled. The Ainu men hunt and fish. This shows the conventional divisions among men and women. The traditional clothing of the Ainu is made of textile of inner elm bark fibers. It is worn with a woven sash, which is similar to the Japanese kimono. This traditional clothing is still worn for special occasions but in daily life the Ainu wear international-style clothing (Gall & Hobby, 2009).
Although Ainu is an endangered language, there are steps being taken to preserve this language before it completely dies out. These steps include the writing system that is being developed so Ainu can be remembered.
As a long-term resident and self- proclaimed “avid tourist of the island”, Mooney has had the opportunity to observe the regional dialects first-hand. This exposure reinforces the credibility of her ethos.
Nourishment was also an essential part of their everyday life and just like in the Stone Age era, the natives were classified as hunter-gatherers. The hunting was mainly done by the men and the women would be in charge of the cooking and the collection of edible plants. However; these activities were not set in stone and sometimes men would do the cooking while women made the
There is not much about Iu-Mein culture in our history books, but books have been written about the Iu-Mein people.
A typical day begins with me waking up in my family's hut, a hut that I had a big hand in building. It is made of adobe bricks and I sealed it with a straw and mud mixture. My hut houses my wife and my child. My wife usually stays in our home to take care of my child and tend to the housework. While my wife works in our hut, I join the other men of our tribe to work in our village on the farming and occasionally hunting. Lately there are fewer animals around, but I look forward to hunting because I get the chance to use the hides of the animals to make new clothing.
The Inupiat, like other Arctic peoples,are mainly hunter gathers. Only men are hunters among the Inupiat. What they hunt depends on where they are located. The Nunamiut, who live inland, hunt caribou, grizzly bears, moose, and dall sheep, while the Tareumiut , the coastal people, hunt walrus, seals, whales, and in rare instances polar bears; however both groups are dependant on geese, ducks, rabbits and berries. Traditionally hunters traveled in dog sleds or canoes from place to place and used spears, harpoons, and bows as weapons Hunting is the single most important duty of any Inupiat man because of the scarcity of any other resources. It is the most reliable way to get subsistence in the environment in which the Inupiat live and thus a hunter must be skilled and lucky or his family will starve.
The word Ainu means human being in the Ainu language. Over the last 120 years the traditions of the Ainu people has changed with the times. Nevertheless the culture has been painstakingly past down onto the younger generation from their grandparents. It is estimated that there are somewhere near 50,000 to 100,000 ainu people living in japan. The Ainu culture originates in the northern island of japan called Hokkaido. Currently everything about the Ainu people is the same as all the other Japanese people. The Ainu folklore falls into many categories Epics that last for many days and range from sunset till dawn. Another type of folklore is uway picara unlike the other epics they do not have melodies; it has many different stories with complicated plots. In the present day in life the Ainu no longer wear traditional garments as everyday clothes. The fabric of this traditional costume is woven with thread made form tree bark. Until the recent past both formal, and informal clothes were made from the bark of some kinds of elms and Japanese linden. Fabrics made from tree bark were embroidered with unique patterns made with pieces of cotton cloth and thread.
A lot of the Natives, in the sauk-Fox tribe speak english, as their language is dying off. Many of the elder tribe members still know how to speak the Meskwaki-Sauk language. Though the children of the tribe do not know how to speak the language, but some of the tribe members are trying to keep their heritage alive.
...y see the situation. When she is finally in Canada, she realizes that she doesn't love him and the situation turns hopeless. Aina is a woman who doesn't take no for an answer. Many other women may have given up and accepted their new life. She refuses to do so. She never gives up hope that she will return to her family and the life she loves. Her strong spirit pushes her through. Aina's decision to kill Uwe is a drastic one for the circumstance. She could have simply left while he was away instead of murdering him. It is the death of Olga, her cow, which pushes her over the edge to commit the violent act. When she returns to Finland she marries again and has many children; she carries out the traditional life for which she is destined. Aina is the paradigm of how a difficult situation can cause a person to use cold animal instincts to save his or herself.
There are several reasons I choose the topics, I wrote about. Some of the reasons where personal, the others based on my interest in learning more about the topics. My personal attachment came from my own memories that the essays reminded me of. My writing skills at the beginning of the semester was, at an elementary level, but now that I’ve had practice. I’m beginning to flourish with talents that come alive at the tap of key. As I looked over the essays I wrote, I am able to see the clumsy mistakes I made along the way. Now, in the future I can avoid being picked out of the crowd as the amateur writer.
This essay will discuss the causes of language death and if endangered languages are worth saving. This essay agrees that endangered languages are worth saving and that many factors contribute to language death. Firstly the essay will explain what language death is and the meaning of what is an endangered language. Secondly discuss language death and language birth. Thirdly discuss the causes of language death. Lastly, critically discuss if endangered languages are worth saving. The purpose of this essay is to show that language death is much higher than language birth.
The Ainu are the indigenous inhabitants of Hokkaido. Even there enacted the law for the promotion of the Ainu culture and language, Ainu people are still struggling for the full recognition and acceptance by Japanese society of their rights as an indigenous people. In addition, the Ainu people assimilated and integrated in the mainstream of the Japanese society, such as the security, job, education, employment, and social services are neglected from the government. The point is that the Japanese government regarding the Ainu policy is to preserve their unique culture. They should to recognize of the social status and social condition in order to improve the the Ainu people life. Moreover, the Japanese government set up the educational policy
The book “Women: Images and Realities a Multicultural Anthology,” by Suzanne Kelly, has many impactful essays, poems, and stories. The essay which I found to be the signal most impactful essay is entitled “ Fence Sitters, Switch Hitters, and Bi-Bi Girls: An Exploration of Hapa and Bisexual Identities,” by Beverly Yuen Thompson. Thompson, a biracial woman of Asian and Anglo heritage wrote this essay in 2000. In the essay Thompson addresses several aspects of her identity but the part of the essay that affected me the most was her explanation of what it was like growing up as a biracial child and how that affected her later on in life. The reason this essay resonates so deeply with me is because my children are biracial and it is heart wrenching to read this essay and think about some of the experiences that Thompson describes. I found myself thinking of experiences my children have experienced or may experience in their lives and I can’t help but to wonder if they have shared or will share Thompson’s thoughts and emotions.
Then in the prefix“MU” and the prefix “E” can we see an example of word of “AWAKE AREP NENG NGENDI? WISTO AWAKMU MANUTO AKU” in the sentence we can see that the word “AWAKE” is a reference to the word “KITA” and the work “AWAKMU” is a word which refers to “KAMU” for that we can know that sentence refers to used KITA and KAMU. In English means “WE WANT TO WHERE? SHUT UP, JUST FOLLOW ME”. That’s all the discussion about affixation in the local language of the area is used as a vernacular society Tulungagung in communication with people same area.
Indigenous Knowledge (IK) can be broadly defined as the knowledge and skills that an indigenous (local) community accumulates over generations of living in a particular environment. IK is unique to given cultures, localities and societies and is acquired through daily experience. It is embedded in community practices, institutions, relationships and rituals. Because IK is based on, and is deeply embedded in local experience and historic reality, it is therefore unique to that specific culture; it also plays an important role in defining the identity of the community. Similarly, since IK has developed over the centuries of experimentation on how to adapt to local conditions. That is Indigenous ways of knowing informs their ways of being. Accordingly IK is integrated and driven from multiple sources; traditional teachings, empirical observations and revelations handed down generations. Under IK, language, gestures and cultural codes are in harmony. Similarly, language, symbols and family structure are interrelated. For example, First Nation had a
Language influences the view of the world, embodies a person’s essential for survival to communicate with people, interpret ideas, and have perspective about cultural and traditional knowledge. However, Language extinction is a huge element in every day’s life. Because language extinction also means the culture, religion, social values, and its history is slowly getting loss at the same time. There are many factors to language extinction due to the population, educational, and economic principles. Melanesian is one of the rapid extinction of the world's languages that are endangered before they disappear completely.