This lab took place in a high school lab where we were isolated our very own DNA. We all chose partner that could help us during the experiment.
The first step was to add 1 mL of a premade 8% sodium chloride (salt) solution to a large test tube. One mL is approximately 20 drops from a pipette. The salt solution is very important because it will go into the DNA and destroy the histones that the DNA is wrapped around (Rice, George). It will also start to break apart the cell membrane so we can get to the DNA (DNA Extraction Techniques).
Next, I had to pour 10 mL of water in to a small drinking cup. I then transferred the water into my mouth and swished it around for at least 30 seconds. While the water was in my mouth, I lightly bit the inside of my cheek to collect more cells. The more cells I collect now, the more DNA I will be able to extract later. After 30 seconds, I spit the water back in to the drinking cup.
For step four, pour a couple mL of the “cell water” into the test tube with the 8% sodium chloride solution in it. Remember, the sodium chloride will remove the histones and help break down the cell membrane. I then had to add 1 mL, 20 drops, of a premixed, 25% liquid dishwashing detergent to the test tube. As you know, dishwasher detergent is used to clean dishes by destroying fats; it does the same thing with cells. It disposes of the lipids and proteins that make up a cell. These would include the nucleus and the cell membrane. After they are destroyed, the DNA will be released (Caplan M. Geralyn). Even though the salt and the dishwashing detergent do the same thing, without one of them the nucleus and the cell membrane would only be partially destroyed when it needs to be fully demolished.
Step six required me to ...
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...f strawberries out. After the time is up, put approximately two mL of the “juice” into a test tube. Add 2 mL of shampoo to help dissolve the lipids and proteins that make up the cell membrane and nucleus. Add two mL of ice-cold ethanol alcohol by letting it slide down the side of the test tube. The cold alcohol will make everything dissolve besides for the DNA. Let it sit for two minutes or until the DNA starts appearing (Activities: Classroom Activities in Plant Biotechnology).
Works Cited
Activities: Classroom Activities in Plant Biotechnology. The American Phytopathological Society, n.d. Web. 5 April, 2014.
Caplan M. Geralyn. DNA Isolation Lab. Owensboro Community & Technical College, n.d. Web. 5 April 2014.
DNA Extraction Techniques. Biologycorner.com, Web. 5 April 2014.
Rice, George. DNA Extraction. Carleton College, 14 December, 2013. Web. 5 April, 2014.
Modern biotechnology was born at the hands of American scientists Herb Boyer and Stain Cohen, when they developed “recombinant deoxyribonucleotide, (rDNA), [1] for medicinal purposes. Subsequently, biotechnologists started genetically engineering agricultural plants using this technology. A single gene responsible for a certain trait, from one organism (usually a bacterium) is selected altered and then ‘spliced” into the DNA of a plant to create an agricultural crop consisting of that...
As the solution pH can influence the stability of NaClO-NH3 blend and the elimination of SO2, NOx, the impact of the pH of NaClO-NH3 blend solution on the instantaneous removal as well as the duration time was investigated, and the final pH after reaction was also detected and shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen that the variation of solution pH has a negligible effect on the desulfurization, but the elevated pH has a great promotion on the NOx removal, the efficiencies are significantly increased from 36% to 99% for NO2 in the pH range of 5–12 and from 19% to 65% for NO when the pH is between 5 and 10, after where, both of them are constant. Hence, the optimal pH of the NaClO-NH3 solution for the
While completing this lab we used four liquids. We used water, milk, orange juice, and soda. To hold the liquids we used two q-tips. We used two petri dishes, one was to hold the pill bugs while they were not being used in the
Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) is used to isolate a predetermined strand of DNA on the double helix. Once the desired DNA is isolated it is able to be copied as much as needed (2). In this experiment PCR was used to isoloate Vangl2 from Zebra fish embryos. In a PCR experiment, a primer is used to find and isolate the desired nucleotide sequence of DNA (2). In this experiment two primers were used as follows:
Wonder of DNA. Design(er) Conference. Answers in Genesis, 10 Apr. 2014. Web. 17 Apr. 2014
Easteal, McCleod, and Reed. DNA Profiling: Principles, Pitfalls and Potential. Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1991.
"Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Fact Sheet." National Human Genome Research Institute. 10 Dec. 2007. National Institutes of Health. .
Biology Lab Report Lab No. 18: Biochemical Genetics: Smooth Peas Wrinkled Peas Data Presentation: The diagram of cotyledon for smooth and wrinkled pea is attached to the next page. The table of starch presents is below: Type of Pea Starch Present? (Color change) Smooth
Museum, S. (2014). What is DNA profiling?. [online] Retrieved from: http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/whoami/findoutmore/yourgenes/whydoscientistsstudygenes/whatisdnaprofiling.aspx [Accessed: 31 Mar 2014].
The methods used for this lab came from Leady, B. (2014) Fundamentals of Life Science Lab Manual. Toledo, Ohio: University of Toledo. No changes were made.
M. Kent, n.d. DNA profiling. In: Advanced Biology. s.l. : : : : : : : s.n., p. 410. Michael, K., 2013. Advanced Biology.
2. In the large beaker, put water and boil it completely. After that, remove the beaker from heat. 3. Sample tubes (A-D) should be labeled and capped tightly.
Tissue culture allows for the clonal propagation of plant (production of multiple copies of the same genotype).
The procedure for carrying out and creating a DNA fingerprint consists of attaining a few cells with DNA in them, taking the DNA out of them and isolating and cleansing the DNA. Restriction enzymes then cut the DNA at certain points, leaving fragments of DNA that are different lengths. These DNA fragments are then sorted through a process called Gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is executed by injecting the DNA fragments into a gel, (agarose),and then running an electrical current through the gel causing the fragments to travel, the shorter the fragment, the farther it travels. The gel is...
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