Rival and Non-Rival Teams. In a study, by Raney and Kinnally (2009) researchers investigated perceived violent and enjoyment by spectators. Participates viewed American intercollegiate football games featuring hometown teams between rival and non-rival teams. A total of 568 participates viewed one of four televised competitions, two of which were heated rivals and two were non-rivals and subsequently the participants were interviewed following the game. An equal number of men and women were survey using a 7–point scale (from “not at all” [1] to “extremely” [7]) rating their level of enjoyment of the games. Researchers concluded that the higher levels of violence reported in the games, the greater the enjoyment was had by the spectators than from the games with lower levels of violence (Raney & Kinnally, 2009). Rivalries are of course the soul of sports, pitting one’s hometown team against their adversaries. Media consistently capitalizes on this knowledge that rivalries draw fans in, as well as take advantage of the impact that violence has on spectator enjoyment through their commentaries and coverage.
Scripted and Unscripted Play. In another study, researching the influence of sports violence on viewer’s enjoyment, mood, and perception of violence, Raney and Depalma (2006) had participates view videotaped sports events that included “unscripted” violence play, “scripted” violent play and no violence play. “Unscripted” violence, in this study, refers to the violent play that naturally occurs during the game and “scripted” violence refers to the “choreographed violence” that is popular today in many sporting arenas (e.g., wrestling, roller derby, Slamball). The 188 participates complete a 30 minute questionnaire measu...
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...G. W., & Russell, A. M. (1984). Sports Penalties: An Alternative Means of Measuring Aggression. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 12(1), 69–74.
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Tucker, L. W., & Parks, J. B. (2001). Effects of Gender and Sport Type on Intercollegiate Athletes’ Perceptions of the Legitimacy of Aggressive Behaviors in Sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 18(4), 403–413.
White, G. F. (1989). Media and Violence: The Case of Professional Football Championship Games. Aggressive Behavior, 15(6), 423–433.
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...tch football. Humans have had a natural interest, and fascination with violence and brutality, all throughout time. Modern censorship, has limited this somewhat morbid fascination, but many new movies, videogames, or television shows, supply the population with this desired entertainment. Scott’s film, Gladiator, reveals that human nature has changed very little, by recreating the bloody and violent Gladiator games, and the Roman Colloseum.
Coakley, J. J., & Donnelly, P. (2007). Violence in Sports . Sports in society: issues & controversies (9th ed., pp. 198-199). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Participating in a sport at an early age can be essential to the overall growth process during a child’s upbringing. Whether the participation is through some sort of organized league or just getting together amongst friends and playing, the lessons learned from this can help teach these kids and provide a positive message to them as they develop. There is a certain point, however, when organized sports can hinder progress, which is when adults get too involved and forget about the underlying reason to why they are helping. While adult involvement is necessary, adult involvement can sometimes send the wrong message to children when they try to make participation become more than just about fun and learning. According to Coakley (2009), “organized sports are worth the effort put forth by adults, as long as they do what is in the best interest of their children and put that thought ahead of their own agenda” (Coakley, p. 151). This is a valid argument because once adults put themselves in front of the children and their values, it needs to be re-evaluated as to why they first got involved in the beginning. Partaking in organized sport and activity from a young age can be beneficial to the overall development of children, as long as decisions actions are made in the best interest of the children and not stemming from ulterior motives of adults.
Known as the world’s most popular sport, professional soccer has helped create and define different groups of people around the world for longer than a century. The hoopla surrounding teams, geographic areas fans dwell in, and political ideals associated with individual clubs have carved an identity for millions of supporters whose heart and soul becomes dedicated to their favorite players, stadiums, and coaches. Soccer teams and their fans can give us a window into how people can be divided and defined by their allegiances and ideals, and why those with similar views band together to create a familiar environment for themselves.
.In addition young athletes have become more aggressive. Kids that participate in competitive sports are becoming more and more aggressive and competitive the sports have become themselves. Mitchell reveals "traits like bullying and the need to dominate their oppo...
The Web. 31 Mar. 2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Duncan, Margaret C., and Nicole Williams. "This Revolution Is Not Being Televised" Out of Play: Critical Essays on Gender and Sport. By Michael A. Messner, Ph.D. Albany: State University of New York, 2007.
Most of the time violence is considered as the worst when it comes to the bad effects of video games. A scientific survey (Anderson & Bushman, 2001) has found a connection between aggressive behaviors and playing violent games where more the children play violent games, more tend be aggressive in behavior. Not only that but also they are more likely to have aggressive feelings and thoughts plus diminished aiding. It is said that the impact of playing violent games in children is compounded by the intuitive/interactive nature of the games. Children are remunerated for being more vicious or violent, most of the time in many games. The demonstration of violence is carried out over and again and the player is in control of the violence who encounters the brutality such as killing/stabbing in his own eyes. This first-hand experience in violence, being rewarded for it and the iteration of this process are compelling conditions for learning and developing violent behavior.
Research guided by conflict theory generally falls into the following categories: 1) studies of how athletes become alienated from their own bodies; 2) studies of how sports can be used to coerce and control people; 3) studies of sports and the development of commercialism in society; 4) studies of sports and various forms of nationalism and militarism; and 5) studies of sports and racism and sexism. (Coakley, 1998) In the book, Meggyesy provided examples of each of these categories which occurred during his footba...
When examining the issue of criminal acts in sports it is easy to realize that there are many places where these acts occur. The range of these acts is far more vast than just in the professional arenas. This is, however, what the public sees and hears about most often. While this is one of the major topics of this paper, criminal acts are found in all of sport ranging from professionals, to college, high school, and in youth sports, including the reaction of the fans. This paper will take an in-depth look at the four major points regarding criminal acts in sport: the acts themselves; the consequences of those acts; the possible reasons for the acts occurring; an analysis of a few major events that have occurred and the possible solutions to the problem of criminal acts in sport. In the section about fan reaction to sport, there will be an overall account of the individual acts and not personal cases due to the overload of personal events that occur.
Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: a Meta-Analytic Review of the Scientific Literature." Psychological Science (2001). EBSCO. DePaul Library. 7 Mar. 2008.
obsessed by those sports and by taking a sport away from them, could ruin their
...s between fans at local and national levels, the striking feature of the research is the high degree to which football unites people from varied backgrounds across the whole of Europe, and undoubtedly beyond. The prevention of football hooliganism requires a concerted and continuous response. Cross-national and cross-local dissimilarities in the patterns and forms of football hooliganism reveal that, despite important transnational resemblances, football hooliganism is nested within particular (local) fan cultures. Prevention strategies should therefore be designed to fit local needs. The good practices discussed in this paper may help to promote a more profound understanding of possible strategies for the prevention of football hooliganism. To advance such an understanding, the transnational exchange and dissemination of local knowledge and practices are required.
The construct that is in question is the measure of aggression. Aggressiveness has been a popular disposition for study because it can be closely linked to observed behavior. An aggressive behavior has generally been defined as a behavior that is intended to injure or irritate another person (Eron, Walder,& Lefkowitz, 1971). Aggressiveness, then, is the disposition to engage frequently in behaviors that are intended to injure or irritate another person. The one difficulty this definition presents for measurement is the intentionality component. Whether or not an observed behavior injures or irritates another person can usually be determined without much difficulty, but the intention behind the behavior may be more difficult to divine, particularly when one is dealing with children. Self-reports do not solve the problem, either, as even the individual behaviour may not be aware of the intentions behind the behavior (Nisbett & Wilson, 1977).
... punishment in violent video games on aggressive affect, cognition, and behavior. Psychological Science, 16 (11), 882 – 889.
What is it about sports that make people so emotionally charged? If it is “only a game”, why does fan behavior sometimes border onto fanaticism? These are some questions that have been asked time and time again while researching fan behavior. The reasons for such loyalist, crazy fan mentality can be attributed to several psychological, biological and social reasons. The thrill of competition and result based format of sporting events creates an atmosphere charged with emotion that binds sports fans together. Sports fans thrive and feed off energy in this sphere. The addictive nature of the emotional experience of watching a team play and sharing their wins and losses motivates fans to invest heavily in their teams leading to extremely emotional fan behavior.