In 1937, when the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism was prepared by the League of Nations, terrorism was for the first time addressed at an international level.1 Cut to the events that transpired on the fateful day of 9/11 in New York and Washington, after which the world had changed. The image of a plane crashing into the World Trade Center with the building crashing down in clouds of smoke, dust and fire became the image of international terrorism constituting one of the defining moment of global security challenges of the twenty first century.2 Most of all an attack on this scale awakened the democratic nations across the globe, to the serious implications that such actions of terrorism could have on the foundations of the domestic social contract of the state, which undermines its ability to protect its citizens from attacks and undermines the ability of democratic process to solve pressing problems.
Since then, the international community has resolutely and swiftly taken action and adopted measures to condemn terrorism. Indeed the ‘War on Terror’ has led to a range of counter-terrorism measures across the globe, which include the introduction of anti-terrorism laws; changes in reporting requirements for civil society organizations; and the increasing use of new border security technologies.3 Many countries around the world have enacted specific anti-terrorism legislation in the face of such threats and attacks. Such laws have now become a permanent feature in the legislative policy of most states. Although initially these legislations, were intended to be temporary with provisions to amend it or renew it within a specific timeframe, inevitably anti-terrorism laws has now become a permanent feature of ...
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...m in Xinjiang” by Graham Fuller and Jonathan Lipman, in the book Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland (ME Sharpe, 2004) written by S. Frederick Starr.
10. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15444081
11. Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper for the 59th Session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights March 25, 2003
12. Martin Scheinin. “Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism. Addendum: Mission to the United States,” A/HRC/6/17/Add.3, para. 6, 22 (21 November 2007).
13. No disclosure of the legal criteria governing the lethal targeting operations.
14. Martin Scheinin, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, A/HRC/10/3, para. 51 (4 February 2009).
3 Council of the European Union, EU-US Declaration on Combating Terrorism, 26 June 2003, p. 6-7.
...2009): 8-9. United Nations Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review. Web. 8 Apr. 2014. .
Kash, Douglas A. “An International Legislative Approach to 21st-Century Terrorism.” The Future of Terrorism: Violence in the New Millennium. Ed. Harvey W. Kushner. London: Sage Publications, 1998.
Walsh, Brian. "Resolving the Human Rights Violations of a Previous Regime." World Affairs 158 (Winter 1996): 111-121.
The terrorist attacks of September 11 led to a lot of pressure from the public to find those responsible and bring them to “justice”. In order to do so, President Bush declared a war on terrorism just a few days after the attacks, but little did he know that this very decision would also bring devastating consequences to many countries. Over time, people have been losing faith in the war and in its purpose. Consequently, countries whose economies have fallen under the Military Industrial Complex have manufactured a societal fear against Muslims and jihadists. As a result, they are now being stigmatized and portrayed as the enemies of democracy, and of the United States in particular. To make matter worse, it has driven western countries to implement many extreme security measures that undermine the democratic principles they are attempting to spread over the world. The war on terrorism has had many negative consequences on modern society, which include a legitimization crisis of democracy, mainly in the U.S, and the manufacturing of moral panics over security risks that have led to the criminalization and stigmatization of the Arab world.
Finding a proper, well-accepted definition of what constitutes terror is extremely difficult. There are many challenges that confront scholars, experts, and everyday people when it comes to defining terrorism and terrorists. Differing backgrounds and cultures of those defining terror in addition to differing histories are just one of the many challenges facing those that wish to define terror. Furthermore, labeling a group or an individual as a terrorist could be considered offensive, especially in today’s politically correct environment, potentially damaging those in the political arena. However, on the flip side, labeling someone as a terrorist can also serve a political purpose as in the case of being propaganda towards a war effort, or to help define an enemy. Nevertheless, the main problem with not being able to have a widely accepted definition of terrorism is that “It is impossible to formulate or enforce international agreements against terrorism” (Ganor, 300).
...s Watch | Defending Human Rights Worldwide. Human Rights Watch, 29 Jan. 2014. Web. 21 Mar. 2014.
During the 21st Century acts of domestic and international terrorism have significantly increased. Thus the international community of nations has the challenge to adopt a common approach to the treatment of terrorism as an international crime. The challenge at present is for the international community of nations to adopt a common approach to the treatment of terrorism as an international crime (Lawless, 2008). In fact, terrorism is an international crime it requires the international community to act in the prevention of terrorism and the sanction of individuals perpetrating acts of terrorism(Lawless, 2008). The September 2011 attack on the United States has presented an opportunity for the internationalist forces to come to the forefront of the global political agenda. ...
The threat of global terrorism continues to rise with the total number of deaths reaching 32,685 in 2015, which is an 80 percent increase from 2014 (Global Index). With this said, terrorism remains a growing, and violent phenomenon that has dominated global debates. However, ‘terrorism’ remains a highly contested term; there is no global agreement on exactly what constitutes a terror act. An even more contested concept is whether to broaden the scope of terrorism to include non-state and state actors.
Zarakol, A. (2011). What makes terrorism modern? terrorism, legitimacy, and the international system. Review of International Studies, 37(5), 2311-2336. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0260210510001518
The whole world is experiencing the violence and hardship that the terrorist organization has none respect for the laws, human rights and protection of civilians. In countries do have the economic means to defend terrorism, which thrives in poverty, restriction oppress areas, failure of make to obtain the law. With constant threats of terrorism beliefs and cause will bring a new of dynamics had to be assess and coordinate between anti-terrorist laws and conventions. Since 9/11, has heightened the membership of United Nations to unite them to see the threat of terrorist organization that was Al-Qaeda. The threats have to be deterred by convention and an anti-terrorist law has to stop mass casualties that have started an extraordinary type of dangers. The “war on terrorism” is a never ending concern for from our society and government around the world, so the countries can come to the table with strategies to erode terrorism. It’s imperative for the world to have a developmental plan in fighting terrorist organization. The States are responsible in protecting the human rights and to incorporate a comprehensive laws and agreements to resolve the violence of terrorism. A democratic form has to be established and not to let the political propaganda to effective the international community. This is important to lay a strong foundation for the United Nation anti-terrorist
... to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.” Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2002. On-line. Internet. 22 Feb. 2004. <http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/91.htm>.
Additionally, early intervention for suspected terrorists must be enacted, for those that are suspected of having a motive and the means to commit acts of terrorism, intervention through involvement in community groups, mandatory therapy and rehabilitation must occur, as well an increase in surveillance over such individuals. Though the Canadian government’s mandate is to prioritize the protection of Canadian citizens, terrorism, by its very nature, is not a problem that can be solved by solely domestic efforts. Radical ideologies transcend borders and inspire acts of terror internationally, terrorist organizations are decentralized and can manifest themselves anywhere. Hence, Canada must also have a global anti-terrorism agenda, one that is multilaterally sanctioned by bodies of international governance, and that
Terrorism had been a staple of the news for years now. But it is noticed, especially in Europe, that terrorism had been more acute than in previous years combined, attributed largely to immigration issues. This prompted our President out of concern to impose measures on immigration amidst expected, unimaginable criticism. He also expressed his hope that concerned Intelligence agencies may do good on such policies. But the roles that other people play on countering terrorism are likewise important too.
Terrorism is one of the most extensively discussed issues of our time and at the same time it is also one of the least understood. The term itself “terrorism” means many different things to different people, cultures, and races. As a result, trying to define or classify terrorism with one universal definition is nearly impossible. The definition of terrorism used in this research is a reflection of much of the Western and American way of defining it. The definition of terrorism is,