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Social Study Guide
A.) Definitions:
1.) Dimension - is any part of and object or event that can be measured.
2.) Absolute time - is the time measured in precise periods, dates or times.
3.) Relative time - is the time measured in relation to other things.
4.) Cyclical time - is a record of natural cycles.
5.) Linear time - is a record of events in sequence from past to the present.
6.) Equinox - is the period when day and night are the same length.
7.) Solstice - is when the sun is highest in the sky, either in the north or south. Summer solstice is the longest day of the year, and winter solstice is the shortest .
8.) Data - means facts or information. People use data as a basis for drawing conclusions about the topic or theme they are studying.
9.) Prehistory - refers to events that happened before written records.
10.) Archaeology - is the study of the remains of human behaviour in the past. It usually involves excavating sites where such remains including artifacts and ecofacts, can be found.
11.) Fossils - are the remains of plants or animals that have been preserved over centuries in the strata or layers.
12.) Theory - is a system of ideas to explain how a certain situation or event might have came about.
13.) Evolution - is the development of species ( that is , a group of animals or plants ) Through different stages over many generations.
14.) Domesticate - a wild animal is to bring it under human control.
15.) Agriculture - is the production of food by growing crops and raising animals.
16.) Sedentary - means remaining in one place.
17.) Technology - refers o both tools and know how. Tools allow human to do more know-how is the ability to solve problems systematically.
18.) Surplus - of food is an amount that is left over after a group has used what they need.
19.) City-State - is an independent or self governing state. It is made up of a city, and the surrounding area controlled by it. Sumerian city state often fought each other for control of Mesopotamia.
20.) Anthropologists - study humans, especially their evolution societies and customs.
21.) Democracy - comes from the ancient Greeks. Demos is a Greek word for “people”. in a democracy the people have the power to elect the representatives who will govern them.
22.) Elite - is a small group of people considered to be wiser or more successful than the majority.
Democracy is the structure of government still used today in many countries.The definition of democracy is a system of government where people who rule directly are freely elected representatives.In addition, democracy comes from the Greek word demokratia. Demo meaning people and kratia meaning power of rule. For instance, here is an example, Great Britain has a democratic government since elected officials and laws are voted on by the people and also the representatives they elect. Therefore Athens exemplifies a democratic government. “Athenians would meet and vote on a simple question …. is anyone becoming a threat to democracy? If a simple majority voted yes,then they dispersed and reassembled two months later,
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers (2009) “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior” (Akers, (2009, p. 1). Theory is a set of interconnect statements that explain how two or more things are related in two casual fashions, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
Evolution is the gradual, continuous change of characteristics throughout a population or a species over many generations. It is the moderation of characteristics that can alter an entire population over a long period of time and is the theory that explains the variation in each generation of an organism.
Democracy is a Greek word meaning “rule by the people.” The idea of a democratic government began in Greece in 700 B.C, about twenty-five hundred years ago. Rome was so large that not everyone could play a role in government so the Roman citizens elected representatives to speak and act for them. This form of government was called a republic. The United States has a representative form of government. The representatives make laws and rules for the country. The government should be rated at an 8 because it has some flaws but it is still decent.
The ancient Greek word "demokratia" was ambiguous. It met literally "people power". But who were the people to whom the power of the long? Was it all the people -all duly qualified citizens? Or only some of the people -- the masses? The Greek word demos could mean either. There is a theory that the word demokratia was claimed by democracy's enemies, members of the rich and aristocratic elite who did not like being outvoted by the common herd, their social and economic inferiors. If this theory is right, democracy must originally have meant something like "mob rule" or "dictatorship of the proletariat".
The term “democracy”, as a word and an institution, is derived from Ancient Greece. A democracy, by definition, is a form of government in which people choose leaders by voting. The earliest example of this governmental structure can be traced back to pre-common era Athens under the Athenian leader Cleisthenes. One of Ancient Greece’s most notable foundations was the polis, or city-state. The city-states were independent communities, with Athens being one of the most prominent. Following the exile of an Athenian dictator, Cleisthenes first motion as the new leader of Athens was to introduce a system of political reforms which he dubbed “demokratia,” or “rule by the people.” Other Greek cities established their own democracies, mimicking that of Athens, but none were as successful or recorded as well as that of Athens. Although this rough-draft of democracy only survived for two-hundred years and is scrutinized by modern historians for some of its non-democratic practices, Cleisthenes’ invention was one of Ancient Greece’s most significant contributions to the world.
Athens was known as a city/state. Athens was the size of city in modern America and it consisted of rural communities. There are varying estimates of the population of ancient At...
A theory can be defined as systematically developed assumptions, principles, and rules devised to analyze, predict or otherwise explain the nature or behavior of a specified set of phenomena. People have always s...
Faculty Senate at Truman State University is one small peg in the tradition and history that is representative government and democracy. The term ‘democracy’ is a Greek term that means rule of the people . The earliest democracy and representative government began in Greece, Athens specifically. When representatives were chosen they were selected from wealthy, white males. Usually the men who were chosen were the richest of the possible selection .
The term democracy is ambiguous, but Abraham Lincoln (1863) defines it as the “government of the people, by the people and for the people.” This modern take of democracy should guarantee basic personal and political rights to every individual person, everywhere, every day. Josiah Ober (2007, p.4) points out that “the Greek word dêmokratia conjoins kratos, a term for ‘power’, and dêmos, a term for ‘the people’.” It therefore means ‘power of the people’. But the Athenians did not call it democracy at the time, “they called it ‘isonomia’ or “equality in law”, writes Bernard Randall (2004, p.86). The earliest forms of democracy were formed by the ancient Greeks around 510 B.C in Athens.
Time is our greatest asset for study. When we observe time we can see change and evolution. Despite its importance to us there is an ontological perspective that has archeologists rejecting the concept of time in flavor of understand with the change through space. Ontology is the study of the nature of reality, and in an essentialist view archeologists care about the snapshot or the moment in time that reality. Essentialists take these snapshots at points in time when things are their purest state, and they can be good for understanding the overall whole picture and the spatial relationships of
A memorable expression said by President Abraham Lincoln reads, “Democracy is government of the people, by the people, and for the people”. Democracy, is a derived from the Greek term "demos" which means people. It is a successful, system of government that vests power to the public or majority. Adopted by the United States in 1776, a democratic government has six basic characteristics: (i) established/elected sovereignty (where power and civic responsibility are exercised either directly by the public or their freely agreed elected representative(s)), (ii) majority rule(vs minority), (iii) (protects one’s own and reside with) human rights, (iv) regular free and fair elections to citizens (upon a certain age), (v) responsibility of
This small group was considered the best qualify to rule (EncyclopaediaBritanica, 2016). This group of people enjoyed both social and economic prestige as well as political power and uses titles, such as Duke or Duchess, Baron or Baroness. One of the similarities that it has from a monarchy is the social status is passed to the next generation. The differences between monarchies vs. aristocracy were that aristocracy ruled by a small group of people and not by just one, which was the case of a monarchy or by a
In both societies, each city-state had their own political systems, economy, social and cultural digressions from city-state to city-state. Similar problems arose within both societies regarding city-states. In Mesopotamian society, the city-states lasted from 3000-2340B.C.E., during the Early Dynastic Age. As the number of Sumerian city-states grew and the states expanded, new conflicts arose as city-state fought city-state for control of land and water (Spielvogel 9). In the new world of the Greek city-states, war became an integral part of the Greek way of life (Spielvogel 61).
Paleontology lies on the border between biology and geology, but differs from archaeology because that is the study of modern humans. When dealing with evidence about human remands, archaeologists and paleontologists may work together in some cases. An example would be paleontologists might find an animal or plant in an archeological site to find out what the humans that lived there would eat. For historical reasons paleontology is part of the geology departments of many universities because geology departments found their evidence important for estimating the ages of rocks.